大型平庸猪笼草
大型平庸猪笼草（学名：）是婆罗洲特有的热带食虫植物。[3]其种加词“macrovulgaris”，来源于希腊文和拉丁文“macro”和“vulgaris”，意为“巨型的”和“普通的，平庸的”。其通常生长于苔藓森林及亚山地森林空地，海拔300米至1200米处。其仅存在于超基性基质的原生地中，包括婆罗洲沙巴的基纳巴卢山、南布由康山（Mount Nambuyukon）、丹浓谷、塔湾山脉（Tawai Range）、马廖山脉（Meliau Range）和塞兰山（Mount Silam）。其捕虫笼可高达25厘米，为绿色至褐色，通常具斑点。[4][5][6]
大型平庸猪笼草 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 生长于婆罗洲沙巴海拔100米至150米处的大型平庸猪笼草窄笼变型的上位笼 | |
科学分类  | |
| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 真双子叶植物 Eudicots |
| 目： | 石竹目 Caryophyllales |
| 科： | 猪笼草科 Nepenthaceae |
| 属： | 猪笼草属 Nepenthes |
| 种： | 大型平庸猪笼草 N. macrovulgaris |
| 二名法 | |
| Nepenthes macrovulgaris | |
| 異名 | |
相关物种
大型平庸猪笼草与刚毛猪笼草（N. hirsuta）和粗毛猪笼草（N. hispida）之间存在着密切的近缘关系。植物学家马修·杰布和马丁·奇克还认为大型平庸猪笼草猪笼草与菲律宾巴拉望省特有的菲律宾猪笼草（N. philippinensis）之间存在近缘关系。 [7][8]
| 大型平庸猪笼草、刚毛猪笼草与粗毛猪笼草之间形态特征的区别（Steiner, 2002 after Clarke, 1997） | ||||
| 形态特征 | 大型平庸猪笼草 | 刚毛猪笼草 | 粗毛猪笼草 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 叶片 | 可长达30厘米，为长圆形至线形 | 革质可长达20厘米，为槽状－匙形或倒卵形 | 革质，无柄，可长达28厘米，倒披针形－长圆形 | |
| 叶尖 | 急尖至钝尖 | 急尖或圆形 | 渐尖－钝尖，通常不等侧 | |
| 叶基 | 渐狭为具翼的叶柄，基部翼較宽，包住茎周长的二分之一，不下延 | 基部渐狭，横向平展，包住茎周长的二分之一 | 基部渐狭，抱茎，常下延至节间 | |
| 纵脉 | 中脉两侧各2至3条 | 不明显 | 中脉两侧各3条 | |
| 毛被 | 成熟的捕虫笼和茎无毛被，发育中的捕虫笼有少量的短毛 | 茎覆盖着褐色的长毛 | 茎覆盖着浓密的紫灰色粗毛 | |
命名
约翰·R·特恩布尔（J.R.Turnbull）和安妮·T·米德尔顿（A.T.Middleton）在1988年对大型平庸猪笼草进行了正式描述，并介绍了其种加词的来由：[注 1][9]
| ……除了它的植株较为巨大，并没有其他与别的猪笼草相区别的形态特征。词尾“vulgaris”表示的意思是普通的，平庸的。种加词是希腊文和拉丁文的非规则组合。该名称曾被用于野外以确定发到种植者手上的是哪个类群。这个非正式的名称现在被广泛的用于植物玩家间。我们认为更改这名称会造成不必要的混乱。 |
自然杂交种
- N. albomarginata × N. macrovulgaris[10]
- N. macrovulgaris × N. rajah[4]
- N. macrovulgaris × N. reinwardtiana[4]
- N. macrovulgaris × N. tentaculata[4]
注释
- 约翰·R·特恩布尔和安妮·T·米德尔顿对其种加词的解释原文：[9]
[...] indicate a relatively large plant and to indicate that no single characteristic uniquely distinguishes this taxon from all others. The suffix vulgaris does not indicate that this species is either common or ordinary. On the contrary, it is quite striking. The epithet is an irregular combination of Greek and Latin. The name was used in the field to identify living material which was distributed to growers and this informal name is now commonly used by collectors. We feel that to change the name now would create unnecessary confusion.
参考文献
- Turnbull, J.R. & A.T. Middleton 1988. A new species of Nepenthes from Sabah, Malaysia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 96(4): 351–358. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1988.tb00690.x
- Kurata, S. 1976. Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu. Sabah National Parks Publications No. 2, Sabah National Parks Trustees, Kota Kinabalu.
- 夏洛特. . 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 76. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
- Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- Steiner, H. 2002. Borneo: Its Mountains and Lowlands with their Pitcher Plants. Toihaan Publishing Company, Kota Kinabalu.
- Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 1999. Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) in Palawan, Philippines. Kew Bulletin 54(4): 887–895. doi:10.2307/4111166
- Schlauer, J. 2000. Literature Reviews.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 29(2): 53.
- Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes.PDF Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5(1): 13–25.
- Adam, J.H. 1997. Prey spectra of Bornean Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) in relation to their habitat.PDF Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 20(2–3): 121–134.
- Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1999. Palynological study of Bornean Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae).PDF Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 22(1): 1–7.
- Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
- Beaman, J.H. & C. Anderson 2004. The Plants of Mount Kinabalu: 5. Dicotyledon Families Magnoliaceae to Winteraceae. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- Fretwell, S. 2013. Back in Borneo for giant Nepenthes. Part 1: Mesilau Nature Reserve, Ranau. Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Journal 107: 6–13.
- Kurata, S. 2002. Revision trial in recent enumeration of Nepenthes species.PDF Proceedings of the 4th International Carnivorous Plant Conference: 111–116.
- McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897
- （德文） Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
- Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
- Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023
- Thong, J. 2006. Travels around North Borneo – Part 1.PDF Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Journal 81: 12–17.
- Turnbull, J.R. & A.T. Middleton 1981. A preliminary review of the Sabah species of Nepenthes, including a regional list and some selected localities. Unpublished mimeograph report to the Sabah Parks Trustees.
- Schnell, D., Catling, P., Folkerts, G., Frost, C., Gardner, R. et al. . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. [11 May 2006]. Listed as Vulnerable (VU A1cd v2.3).
- Thorogood, C. 2010. The Malaysian Nepenthes: Evolutionary and Taxonomic Perspectives. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
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