室周器

室周器（英語：，简称：CVOs）是大脑内部一组具有丰富血管但缺乏完整血脑屏障的结构。[1] 中枢神经系统通过室周器与外周血液联系，同时室周器也是参与神经内分泌功能的重要组成部分[2]。室周器不完整的血脑屏障组织结构允许肽类和激素等分子在神经组织与血液之间进行交换，但仍可阻止毒素入脑。[3][4]室周器按功能可分为两类：感受型和分泌型。感受型室周器包括后缘区、穹窿下器以及终板血管器。这些结构能够感受血浆中的分子并将信息传递至大脑其他区域，直接参与自主神经系统对循环系统的调控。[1][5]分泌型室周器包括连合下器、垂体后叶（也被称作神经垂体）、松果体、正中隆突以及一些动物的垂体中间叶。这些结构在大脑应对内外刺激的反馈调节中负责将激素和糖蛋白等分泌入血液。[2]

科学研究已经发现室周器参与体液调节、心血管功能、免疫反应、渴觉、进食以及生殖功能的调控。[2]

参考资料
  1. Fry Mark, Ferguson Alastair V., (2007) The sensory circumventricular organs: Brain targets for circulating signals controlling ingestive behavior, Physiology & Behavior, Volume 91, Issue 4, 24 July 2007, Pages 413-423, ISSN 0031-9384, 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.04.003. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938407001308 （页面存档备份，存于）>.
  2. Cottrell, G. T., & Ferguson, A. V. (2004). Sensory circumventricular organs: Central roles in integrated autonomic regulation. Regulatory Peptides, 117(1), 11-23. doi: 10.1016/j.regpep.2003.09.004.
  3. Rodríguez, Esteban M., Blázquez, Juan L., Guerra, Montserrat. “The design of barriers in the hypothalamus allows the median eminence and the arcuate nucleus to enjoy private milieus: The former opens to the portal blood and the latter to the cerebrospinal fluid.” Peptides, 31.4 (2010): Pages 757-76, April 2010. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196978110000239 （页面存档备份，存于）>.
  4. Morita, S., Miyata, S. (2012), Different vascular permeability between the sensory and secretory circumventricular organs of adult mouse brain. Cell and Tissue Research, 349 (2): 589-603. doi: 10.1007/s00441-012-1421-9.
  5. Ferguson, A. V., & Bains, J. S. (1996). Electrophysiology of the circumventricular organs. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 17(4), 440-475. doi: 10.1006/frne.1996.0012.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.