家白蟻屬

家白蚁属
	台灣家白蟻（Coptotermes formosanus）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	蜚蠊目 Blattodea
科：	鼻白蟻科 Rhinotermitidae
属：	家白蚁属 Coptotermes; Wasmann, 1896
种
	见正文
異名
	Arrhinotermes Wasmann, 1902; Vastitermes Sjöstedt, 1926;

家白蟻屬（Coptotermes）或稱乳白蟻屬，是白蟻中的一屬。其中包括了台灣家白蟻（Coptotermes formosanus）、格斯特家白蟻（Coptotermes gestroi）與大家白蟻（Coptotermes curvignathus）等物種。

形態

兵蚁

头卵形，前端明显变狭，囟为大型孔口，位于头前端，呈短管延出，狭于头部，上颚细而弯曲，除基部的锯形缺刻外，内缘光滑无齿，触角13～17节，上唇尖吞形。前胸背板平坦，狭于头部。

有翅成虫

头部宽卵形，后唇基极短而平，触角18～25节。前胸背板扁平，狭于头部。前翅鳞大于后翅鳞且覆盖后翅鳞之上，翅脉有极浅淡的网状纹，翅面具毛，前翅中脉由肩缝处独立伸出，后翅中脉由胫分脉基部分出，中脉距肘脉极近。囟为于头中部。

分布

Roonwal(1969)记录该属分布在东洋区有23种。至70年代，全世界范围共48种。

重要入侵種

本屬中的台灣家白蟻（Coptotermes formosanus）及格斯特家白蟻（Coptptermes gestroi）為重要的世界入侵種，廣泛的入侵世界各地，入侵性極強，因此，許多文獻或相關報導指出家白蟻屬的物種入侵性極強，這點是錯誤的，事實上，家白蟻屬下的物種眾多（65種）[1]，其中具有極強入侵性的台灣家白蟻及格斯特家白蟻只是其中兩種，該屬其他成員的入侵性極低[1]。

語源學

Copto- 是cut的意思，Wasmann 在1896年命名時指出，由於這類白蟻兵蟻的前額（側面觀）有截斷的切面，而這個位置有明顯的額腺開口，所以用 Copto- 這個特徵來命名；而Termes 則是termite的意思[2]。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：[3]

Coptotermes acinaciformis (Froggatt, 1898)
Coptotermes amanii (Sjöstedt, 1911)
Coptotermes amboinensis Kemner, 1931
Coptotermes bannaensis He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes beckeri Chhotani & Mathur, 1969
Coptotermes bentongensis Krishna, 1956
Coptotermes boetonensis Kemner, 1934
Coptotermes brunneus Gay, 1955
Coptotermes ceylonicus Holmgren, 1911
Coptotermes changtaiensis He & Xia, 1986
朝鲜乳白蚁 Coptotermes chaoxianensis Li & Huang, 1985
Coptotermes cochlearus He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes cooloola Lee, Evans, Cameron, Ho, Namyatova & Lo, 2017
Coptotermes crassus Snyder, 1922
Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren, 1913
Coptotermes cyclocoryphus Ma, Li & Zhu, 1984
Coptotermes dimorphus He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes dobonicus Oshima, 1914
Coptotermes dreghorni Hill, 1942
Coptotermes elisae (Desneux, 1905)
Coptotermes emersoni Ahmad, 1953
台湾乳白蚁 Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, 1909
Coptotermes frenchi Hill, 1932
Coptotermes fumipennis (Walker, 1853)
Coptotermes gambrinus Roisin & Bourguignon, 2011
Coptotermes gaurii Krishna & Roonwal, 1955
格斯特家白蟻 Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896)
Coptotermes grandiceps Snyder, 1925
Coptotermes grandis Huang & Li, 1985
广东乳白蚁 Coptotermes guangdongensis Ping, 1985
贵州乳白蚁 Coptotermes guizhouensis Qiu & He, 1992
Coptotermes gulangyuensis Huang & Li, 1986
海南乳白蚁 Coptotermes hainanensis Tsai & Li, 1985
Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann, 1902)
Coptotermes hekouensis He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes hirsutus Grimaldi & Krishna, 2009
Coptotermes intermedius Silvestri, 1912
Coptotermes kalshoveni Kemner, 1934
Coptotermes kishori Chhotani & Roonwal, 1962
Coptotermes lacteus (Froggatt, 1898)
Coptotermes longignathus He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes longistriatus Huang & Li, 1985
Coptotermes mauricianus (Rambur, 1842)
Coptotermes melanoistriatus He, Lau & Gao, 1995
Coptotermes menadoae Oshima, 1914
Coptotermes menadoensis Oshima, 1914
Coptotermes michaelseni Silvestri, 1909
Coptotermes minutissimus Kemner, 1934
Coptotermes monosetosus Li & Tsai, 1985
Coptotermes nanus Lee, Evans, Cameron, Ho, Namyatova & Lo, 2017
黑乳白蚁 Coptotermes niger Snyder, 1922
Coptotermes ochraceus Xu & Ping, 1986
Coptotermes oshimai Davis & Light, 1929
Coptotermes paleodominicanus Grimaldi & Krishna, 2009
Coptotermes pamuae Snyder, 1925
Coptotermes paradoxus (Sjöstedt, 1911)
Coptotermes peregrinator Kemner, 1934
Coptotermes premrasmii Ahmad, 1965
Coptotermes priscus Emerson, 1971
Coptotermes remotus Hill, 1927
Coptotermes sepangensis Krishna, 1956
Coptotermes shanghaiensis He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes silvaticus Harris, 1968
Coptotermes sinabangensis Oshima, 1923
Coptotermes sjoestedti
Coptotermes sjostedti Holmgren, 1911
Coptotermes sucineus Emerson, 1971
苏州乳白蚁 Coptotermes suzhouensis He & Xia, 1986
Coptotermes testaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Coptotermes travians (Haviland, 1898)
Coptotermes truncatus (Wasmann, 1897)
Coptotermes varicapitatus Li & Tsai, 1985
Coptotermes vastator Light, 1929

参考文献

T H O M A S C H O U V E N C1, H O U- F E N G L I2, JA M E S AU S T I N3, C H R I S T I A N B O R D E R E AU4, T H O M A S B O U R G U I G N O N5,20, S T E P H E N L . C A M E RO N6, E L I A NA M. C A N C E L L O7, R E G I NA L D O C O N S TA N T I N O8, A NA M A R I A C O S TA - L E O NA R D O9, PAU L E G G L E TO N10, T H E O D O R E A . E VA N S11, B R I A N F O R S C H L E R12, J . K E N N E T H G R AC E13, C L A U D I A H U S S E N E D E R14, J A N K Rˇ ECˇ E K 1, C H OW - YA N G L E E15, T I M OT H Y L E E5, NAT H A N L O5, MAT T H E W M E S S E N G E R16, A A RO N M U L L I N S1, A L A I N RO B E RT17, Y V E S RO I S I N18, RU D O L F H . S C H E F F R A H N1, DAV I D S I L L A M- D U S SÈ S17,19, JA N Š O B OT NÍ K 20, A L L E N S Z A L A N S K I21, YO KO TA K E M AT S U22, E DWA R D L . VA R G O23, A K I N O R I YA M A DA24, T S U YO S H I YO S H I M U R A25 and N A N - YA O S U1. . Systematic Entomology. 2016, (41): 299-306. doi:10.1111/syen.12157.
Hou-Feng Li. . 2013-11-06 [2018/VIII/01]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-01）.
. GBIF.

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[:0-1] T H O M A S C H O U V E N C1, H O U- F E N G L I2, JA M E S AU S T I N3, C H R I S T I A N B O R D E R E AU4, T H O M A S B O U R G U I G N O N5,20, S T E P H E N L . C A M E RO N6, E L I A NA M. C A N C E L L O7, R E G I NA L D O C O N S TA N T I N O8, A NA M A R I A C O S TA - L E O NA R D O9, PAU L E G G L E TO N10, T H E O D O R E A . E VA N S11, B R I A N F O R S C H L E R12, J . K E N N E T H G R AC E13, C L A U D I A H U S S E N E D E R14, J A N K Rˇ ECˇ E K 1, C H OW - YA N G L E E15, T I M OT H Y L E E5, NAT H A N L O5, MAT T H E W M E S S E N G E R16, A A RO N M U L L I N S1, A L A I N RO B E RT17, Y V E S RO I S I N18, RU D O L F H . S C H E F F R A H N1, DAV I D S I L L A M- D U S SÈ S17,19, JA N Š O B OT NÍ K 20, A L L E N S Z A L A N S K I21, YO KO TA K E M AT S U22, E DWA R D L . VA R G O23, A K I N O R I YA M A DA24, T S U YO S H I YO S H I M U R A25 and N A N - YA O S U1. . Systematic Entomology. 2016, (41): 299-306. doi:10.1111/syen.12157.

[2] Hou-Feng Li. . 2013-11-06 [2018/VIII/01]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-01）.

[3] . GBIF.