小RNA
小RNA(,簡稱sRNA)泛指长度小于200个核苷酸(nt)的RNA分子,多為非编码RNA(ncRNA)[1][2]。真核生物中此類RNA經常可與Ago等蛋白結合以進行RNA干擾,抑制其他基因mRNA的表現。小RNA的種類包括微小RNA(miRNA)、小干扰RNA(siRNA,包含tasiRNA[3])、piwi作用RNA(piRNA,包含rasiRNA[4])[5]、小核RNA(snRNA)、小核仁RNA(snoRNA)[6]、小卡哈氏體RNA(scaRNA)、tsRNA(衍生自tRNA的小RNA)和srRNA(衍生自rRNA的小RNA)[7]等。現有miRNA定序等次世代定序技術專門用來偵測細胞中的小RNA[8][9]。許多小RNA與數種癌症等疾病有關[10]。
細菌也具有許多小RNA(細菌小RNA),可與其他RNA或蛋白質結合,有調控基因表現,代謝、感染毒力、對環境反應與影響細胞結構等諸多功能[11][12]。
参考资料
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