尿調理素

家族性少年高血尿酸癥腎病
已知的結構
PDB	直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	4WRN
識別號
别名	UMOD；, ADMCKD2, FJHN, HNFJ, HNFJ1, MCKD2, THGP, THP, uromodulin, ADTKD1
外部ID	OMIM：191845 MGI：102674 HomoloGene：2522 GeneCards：UMOD
相關疾病
	高血壓、腎病變、autosomal dominant medullary cystic kidney disease with hyperuricemia[1]
基因位置（人类）
染色体	16號染色體[2]
终止	20,356,301 bp[2]
基因位置（小鼠）
染色体	小鼠7号染色体[3]
终止	119,078,505 bp[3]
RNA表达模式
	查阅更多表达数据
基因本體
分子功能	• calcium ion binding; • IgG binding;
細胞組分	• cell projection; • spindle pole; • 膜; • 细胞膜; • 細胞外區域; • basolateral plasma membrane; • apical plasma membrane; • ciliary membrane; • anchored component of membrane; • 外排體; • extrinsic component of membrane; • Golgi lumen; • 纖毛;
生物學過程	• leukocyte cell-cell adhesion; • chemical homeostasis; • heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules; • 排泄作用; • metanephric distal convoluted tubule development; • metanephric ascending thin limb development; • cellular defense response; • neutrophil migration; • metanephric thick ascending limb development; • negative regulation of cell population proliferation; • protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine; • ion homeostasis;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	7369
	22242
	ENSG00000169344
	ENSMUSG00000030963
	P07911
	Q91X17
NM_001008389; NM_001278614; NM_003361; NM_001378232; NM_001378233;
	NM_001378234; NM_001378235; NM_001378237
	NM_001278605; NM_009470
NP_001008390; NP_001265543; NP_003352; NP_001365161; NP_001365162;
	NP_001365163; NP_001365164; NP_001365166
	NP_001265534; NP_033496
	維基數據

尿調理素（），又稱Tamm–Horsfall蛋白（Tamm–Horsfall glycoprotein，THP），為一種醣蛋白。該蛋白由 UMOD 基因轉譯而成[6][7]。尿調理素為人類正常尿液中最主要的蛋白質[8]。

基因

人類的 UMOD 基因位於第16對染色體，該基因可能存在許多不同種變異，但目前已報導的全蛋白序列僅有兩種。大多數人屬於這兩種蛋白[7]。

蛋白質

尿調理素屬於多醣磷脂肌醇錨定物醣蛋白，在哺乳動物中主要由腎臟的亨耳氏套粗上升支產生。尿調理素的單體約為85 kDa，在尿液中則常聚合成數百萬 Da 的大分子[8]。該蛋白在低pH值時會形成膠狀型態，為正常人類尿液中最主要的蛋白質[9]。尿調理素為尿液管型的主要成分。

功能

尿調理素被轉譯完成後，會藉由外結構域中的醣磷脂肌醇鍵與膜相接，剩下的部分會暴露於亨耳氏套的管腔中。當醣磷脂肌醇鍵被打斷後，尿調理素便會進入尿液中。尿調理素可能可以抑制尿鈣造成結石，或是防止細菌造成的泌尿道感染[7]。

目前有關尿調理素的功能尚不清楚。有研究發現，尿調理素可能扮演運輸的角色[10]。另外一份研究則顯示該蛋白可能具有抗菌的功能：大腸桿菌的MS 性菌毛或菌毛對於甘露糖相當敏感，而尿調理素側鏈中的甘露糖結構則可以抓住大腸桿菌的菌毛[8]。該蛋白也可能在急性腎損傷時具有抑制發炎的功能[11]。

臨床意義

尿調理素、尿橋蛋白，以及腎鈣蛋白為目前已知三種可能影響腎鈣結石的醣蛋白。尿調理素雖然為腎結石的成分之一，但其對於腎結石的角色目前仍未有定論。但目前已知尿調理素過低是預測腎結石的良好指標[8]。

歷史

參考文獻

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GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000169344 - Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030963 - Ensembl, May 2017
. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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Nagaraj N, Mann M. . J. Proteome Res. February 2011, 10 (2): 637–45. PMID 21126025. doi:10.1021/pr100835s.
Bachmann S, Mutig K, Bates J, Welker P, Geist B, Gross V, Luft FC, Alenina N, Bader M, Thiele BJ, Prasadan K, Raffi HS, Kumar S. . Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2005, 288 (3): F559–67. PMID 15522986. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00143.2004.
El-Achkar TM, Wu XR, Rauchman M, McCracken R, Kiefer S, Dagher PC. Tamm-Horsfall protein protects the kidney from ischemic injury by decreasing inflammation and altering TLR4 expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Aug;295(2):F534-44. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00083.2008. Epub 2008 May 21. PMID 18495803

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外部連結

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[1] .

[refGRCh38Ensembl-2] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000169344 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-3] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030963 - Ensembl, May 2017

[4] . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid8382593-6] Jeanpierre C, Whitmore SA, Austruy E, Cohen-Salmon M, Callen DF, Junien C. . Cytogenet Cell Genet. Mar 1993, 62 (4): 185–7. PMID 8382593. doi:10.1159/000133470.

[entrez-7] . [2016-12-20]. （原始内容存档于2010-03-07）.

[Lau_2008-8] Lau WH, Leong WS, Ismail Z, Gam LH. . Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2008, 4 (4): 215–22. PMC 2500153 . PMID 18695745. doi:10.7150/ijbs.4.215.

[Nagaraj_Mann_2011-9] Nagaraj N, Mann M. . J. Proteome Res. February 2011, 10 (2): 637–45. PMID 21126025. doi:10.1021/pr100835s.

[pmid15522986-10] Bachmann S, Mutig K, Bates J, Welker P, Geist B, Gross V, Luft FC, Alenina N, Bader M, Thiele BJ, Prasadan K, Raffi HS, Kumar S. . Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2005, 288 (3): F559–67. PMID 15522986. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00143.2004.

[11] El-Achkar TM, Wu XR, Rauchman M, McCracken R, Kiefer S, Dagher PC. Tamm-Horsfall protein protects the kidney from ischemic injury by decreasing inflammation and altering TLR4 expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Aug;295(2):F534-44. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00083.2008. Epub 2008 May 21. PMID 18495803