元音圓唇度

元音圓唇度英語:Roundedness)指的是在發出一個元音時,嘴唇圓化的程度,可以視為是元音的圓唇化(英語:labialization)。

國際音標元音
i
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表內成對的元音分別為不圓唇/圓唇

圓唇音的類型

圓唇可以分為兩種:撮唇protrusion)或斂唇compression[1][2][3]

當一個圓唇元音發音時,嘴唇會形成一個圓形的開口,使嘴巴內側的表面露出,而不圓唇元音發音時,嘴巴四周向後聚集,嘴唇亦向後壓縮,僅露出嘴唇的外部表面。

在大多數語言中,前元音通常不圓唇,而後元音往往是圓唇的。[4]然而,一些語言,如法語德語,區分同一高度的圓唇與不圓唇的前元音越南語區分相同高度圓唇與不圓唇的後元音阿列卡諾語則只有不圓唇的元音。

IPA中,並沒有任何直接的變音符號,但IPA的上標字母可用來表示不圓唇,[5]◌ʷ◌̫表示圓唇。事實上,不圓唇音可能將嘴巴四周向後收縮,而定義上是圓唇音;或是嘴四周伸展而定義上是不圓唇。這樣的情況可以用ɨᵝ ɯᵝʉᵝ uᵝ區別。

另外,變音符號U+0339 ̹ (COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW)U+031C ̜ (COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW)則分別用來表示較大和較小程度的圓唇化。

[6]國際音標元音圖中,圓唇元音是每對元音中右側出現的元音。

圓唇元音列表

参考文献

引用

  1. Protrusion is also called endolabial, lip-pouting, horizontal lip-rounding, outrounding, or inner rounding Trask 1996,p.180).
  2. Compression is also called exolabial, pursed, vertical lip-rounding, inrounding, or outer rounding Trask 1996,p.252).
  3. Henry Sweet noted in 1890 that "the term 'inner rounding' derives from the use of the inner surfaces of the lips; the synonymous 'outrounding' derives from the forward projection of the lips. Both terms are justifiable, but their coexistence is likely to lead to serious confusion." Trask 1996,p.180)
  4. Sweet (1877) noted that they are less distinctive from unrounded vowels than their counterparts.
  5. E.g. ɨᵝ in Flemming (2002:83頁).
  6. Deibler 1992.

来源

  • Deibler, Ellis, , 1992
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