洞穴
洞穴(洞、洞窟)是指地底的通道或空間,可進入其中,形成方式可能是水的侵蝕作用,或是風與微生物等其他外力的風化作用,許多自然界的洞穴是形成於石灰岩地帶,為溶洞(鐘乳洞),另有一種相似的地形,稱為石棚。全球约有180万个洞穴[1]。
根据光照强度,洞穴可大致分为三个区域:洞口带、弱光带和黑暗带[2]。
參見
- 地穴寓言
- 洞穴动物
- 洞穴植物
参考文献
- Monro, Alexandre K.; Bystriakova, Nadia; Fu, Longfei; Wen, Fang; Wei, Yigang. . PLOS ONE. 2018-02-07, 13 (2): e0190801. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190801.
- Fu, Longfei; Monro, Alexandre K.; Wei, Yigang. . Biodiversity Science. 2022-07-20, 30 (7): 21537. doi:10.17520/biods.2021537.
外部連結
维基共享资源中相關的多媒體資源:洞穴(分類) |
- Australian Speleological Federation (ASF) (页面存档备份,存于), AU
- British Caving Association (BCA) (页面存档备份,存于), UK
- Classification of Caves (页面存档备份,存于) A list of cave types with links to further information
- Journal of Cave and Karst Studies (页面存档备份,存于)
- National Speleological Society (NSS) (页面存档备份,存于), US
- International Union of Speleology (UIS) (页面存档备份,存于).
- Speleological Abstract (SA/BBS) (页面存档备份,存于) An annual review of the world's speleological literature.
- The Virtual Cave (页面存档备份,存于) Photographs of many types of caves.
- Welcome to Cave Biology (Biospeleology) (页面存档备份,存于) To popularize the field Biospeleology among other Biologists
- Malaysian caves and limestone hills
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