中古波斯语
中古波斯语(钵罗婆文:,摩尼文: ,阿维斯陀文: ,罗马化:pārsīg或pārsīk ),学界又称钵罗婆语(英語:Pahlavi language),是印欧语系伊朗语支的一种语言,主要为伊朗西南部的萨珊王朝(公元224年-654年)使用,并由于其声望而在其他地区得以使用。中古波斯语属于西伊朗语支,发源自古波斯语并演化为现代波斯语。
中古波斯語 | |
---|---|
钵罗婆语 | |
𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪 (Pārsīk or Pārsīg) | |
区域 | 萨珊帝国 (224–651) |
族群 | 波斯人 |
年代 | 9世纪时演化为早期新波斯语,此后仅被祆教祭司用作解经训诂和宗教仪式 |
語系 | |
早期形式 | 古波斯语
|
文字 | 钵罗婆文, 摩尼字母, 阿維斯陀字母, Pazend |
語言代碼 | |
ISO 639-2 | pal |
ISO 639-3 | 兩者之一:pal – Zoroastrian Middle Persian ("Pahlavi")xmn – Manichaean Middle Persian (Manichaean script) |
Glottolog | pahl1241 Pahlavi[1] |
语言瞭望站 | 58-AAC-ca |
Pahlavi一词还出现在近代的巴列维王朝中,按照现代读音译作巴列维,但钵罗婆语并非巴列维王朝的语言。为了避免混淆,一般取大藏经中的音译钵罗婆(或作波罗婆)作为Pahlavi的译名,为中古音音译,译自梵文Pahlawa。
參考文獻
- MacKenzie, D. N. 1986. A concise Pahlavi dictionary. London: OUP
- Maggi, Mauro and Paola Orsatti. 2018. From Old to New Persian. In: The Oxford Handbook of Persian Linguistics. P. 7-52
- Nyberg, H. S. (1964): A Manual of Pahlavi I – Texts, Alphabets, Index, Paradigms, Notes and an Introduction, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
- Skjærvø, Prods Oktor. 1997. On the Middle Persian Imperfect. In Syntaxe des Langues Indoiraniennes anciennes, ed. E. Pirart, AuOrSup 6 (Barcelona), 161–88.
- Skjærvø, Prods Oktor. 2007. Introduction to Pahlavi. Cambridge, Mass.
- Skjærvø, Prods Oktor. 2009. Middle West Iranian. In Gernot Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages, 196-278. London & New York: Routledge.
- Sundermann, Werner. 1989. Mittelpersisch. In: Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. Herausgegeben von Rudiger Schmidt. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. P. 138-165.
- Расторгуева, В. С. 1966. Среднеперсидский язык. Москва: Издательство "Наука"
- Расторгуева, В. С., Е. К. Молчанова. 1981. Среднеперсидский язык. In: Основы иранского языкознания, т. 2. Москва: Издательство "Наука". P. 6-146
外部連結
- Lessons in Pahlavi-Pazend by S.D.Bharuchī and E.S.D.Bharucha (1908) at the Internet Archive - Part 1 and 2
- Middle Persian texts on TITUS (页面存档备份,存于)
- Scholar Raham Asha's website, including many Middle Persian texts in original and translation (页面存档备份,存于)
- An organization promoting the revival of Middle Persian as a literary and spoken language (页面存档备份,存于) (contains a grammar and lessons)
- Edward Thomas. . Trübner. 1868: 137 [2011-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-28).
- Introduction to Pahlavi by Prods Oktor Skjærvø (archived)
- Pahlavica: An online dictionary of Zoroastrian Middle Persian (页面存档备份,存于)
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