巴西各州人类发展指数列表

联合国开发计划署(UNDP)在1990年,以教育程度、收入和寿命指标,计算出衡量国家内部社会和经济发展的水平指数。[1][2]最新的报告发布时间是2015,实为2014年的数据,巴西在188个国家中排名第75位,人类发展指数值为0.755。[3][4]开发计划署强调了巴西20年来的“快速发展”,1990年人类发展水平低下(0.590),2000年达到中等发展水平(0.669),最终在2010年实现了人类的高度发展(0.726)。[5][6][7]

自1991年统计系列开始以来,国家首都巴西利亚的联邦区,在巴西27个联邦单位中的人类发展指数最高,是唯一一个属于人类发展水平极高的地区。到2010年,除了长寿之外还超过了构成HDI的每个子指数。同时,阿拉戈斯自2000年以来创造了最低的人类发展指数,特别是由于教育表现不佳。根据联合国开发计划署的报告,北部和东北部各州的指标最低,大多数城市的人类发展水平低或中等,而在南方,超过65%的城市实现了人类的高度发展。[8][9]

列表一览

开发计划署用于衡量所有5,565个巴西城市和27个联邦单位的人类发展指数的方法,与各国使用的方法不同,教育,收入和长寿的三个方面适应了巴西背景和国家指标的可用性。[10]因此,不鼓励巴西联邦单位和国家之间进行比较,不能将这些数字用作参数。全球报告使用平均受教育年限和预期受教育年限来评估教育,而当地报告则利用成人人口的学校教育和年轻人的学校流动。[10]就收入而言,全球报告则使用人均国民总收入(购买力平价 美元),当地报告使用市政人均收入(BRL)。[10]至于长寿,两者都使用出生时的预期寿命作为指标。[10]

 0.800–1.000   极高人类发展指数  0.500–0.599   低人类发展指数
 0.700–0.799   高人类发展指数  0.000–0.499   极低人类发展指数
 0.600–0.699   中人类发展指数
根据人类发展指数及其教育,收入和长寿的子指标列出的巴西联邦单位名单[11][12]

2014[13] 2010[14] 2000 1991[lower-alpha 1]
排名 HDI 教育 收入 寿命 HDI 教育 收入 寿命 HDI 教育 收入 寿命 HDI 教育 收入 寿命
1  聯邦區 0.8390.7890.8520.875 0.8240.7420.8630.873 0.7250.5820.8050.814 0.6160.4190.7620.731
2  聖保羅州 0.8190.8000.7830.876 0.7830.7190.7890.845 0.7020.5810.7560.786 0.5780.3630.7290.730
3  聖卡塔琳娜州 0.8130.7650.7830.890 0.7740.6970.7730.860 0.6740.5260.7170.812 0.5430.3290.6480.753
4  巴拉那州 0.7900.7480.7640.858 0.7490.6680.7570.830 0.6500.5220.7040.747 0.5070.2980.6440.679
5  南里奧格蘭德州 0.7790.6910.7760.870 0.7460.6420.7690.840 0.6640.5050.7200.804 0.5420.3280.6670.729
6  里約熱內盧州 0.7780.7140.7760.843 0.7610.6750.7820.835 0.6640.5300.7450.740 0.5730.3920.6960.690
7  聖埃斯皮里圖州 0.7710.6950.7430.875 0.7400.6530.7430.835 0.6400.4910.6870.777 0.5050.3040.6190.686
8  米納斯吉拉斯州 0.7690.7070.7380.862 0.7310.6380.7300.838 0.6240.4700.6800.759 0.4780.2570.6180.689
9  馬托格羅索州 0.7670.7390.7490.812 0.7250.6350.7320.821 0.6010.4260.6890.740 0.4490.2210.6270.654
10  南馬托格羅索州 0.7620.6880.7640.833 0.7290.6290.7400.833 0.6130.4450.6870.752 0.4880.2590.6410.699
11  戈亞斯州 0.7500.6970.7390.814 0.7350.6460.7420.827 0.6150.4390.6860.773 0.4870.2730.6330.668
12  阿馬帕州 0.7470.7340.7020.806 0.7080.6290.6940.813 0.5770.4240.6380.711 0.4720.2540.6200.668
13  羅賴馬州 0.7320.7200.7100.765 0.7070.6280.6950.809 0.5980.4570.6520.717 0.4590.2400.6430.628
13  托坎廷斯州 0.7320.6980.7010.797 0.6990.6240.6900.793 0.5250.3480.6050.688 0.3690.1550.5490.589
15  阿克雷州 0.7190.6730.6790.804 0.6630.5590.6710.777 0.5170.3250.6120.694 0.4020.1760.5740.645
16  北里约格朗德州 0.7170.6400.6740.837 0.6840.5970.6780.792 0.5520.3960.6080.700 0.4280.2420.5470.591
17  塞阿拉州 0.7160.6870.6590.807 0.6820.6150.6510.793 0.5410.3770.5880.713 0.4050.2040.5320.613
18  朗多尼亞州 0.7150.5970.7110.766 0.6900.5770.7120.800 0.5370.3450.6540.688 0.4070.1810.5850.635
19  亞馬遜州 0.7090.6670.6880.774 0.6740.5610.6770.805 0.5150.3240.6080.692 0.4300.2040.6050.645
19  伯南布哥州 0.7090.6510.6740.801 0.6730.5740.6730.789 0.5440.3720.6150.705 0.4400.2320.5690.617
21  巴伊亞州 0.7030.6270.6820.800 0.6600.5550.6630.783 0.5120.3320.5940.680 0.3860.1820.5430.582
22  帕拉伊巴州 0.7010.6310.6780.794 0.6580.5550.6560.783 0.5060.3310.5820.672 0.3820.1910.5150.565
23  塞爾希培州 0.6810.5910.6650.786 0.6650.5600.6720.781 0.5180.3430.5960.678 0.4130.2110.5520.581
24  皮奧伊州 0.6780.6120.6610.761 0.6460.5470.6350.777 0.4840.3010.5560.676 0.3620.1640.4880.595
24  馬拉尼昂州 0.6780.6470.6380.750 0.6390.5620.6120.757 0.4760.3120.5310.649 0.3570.1730.4780.551
26  帕拉州 0.6750.5920.6540.779 0.6460.5280.6460.789 0.5180.3190.6010.725 0.4130.1940.5670.640
27  阿拉戈斯州 0.6670.6030.6340.764 0.6310.5200.6410.755 0.4710.2820.5740.647 0.3700.1740.5270.552
Average[lower-alpha 2]  0.755  0.637  0.739  0.816   0.727  0.456  0.692  0.612   0.612  0.279  0.647  0.493 
数据地图
Map of Brazil displaying its first-level administrative divisions (Federative units) according to the category of their Human Development Index.
1991
Map of Brazil displaying its first-level administrative divisions (Federative units) according to the category of their Human Development Index.
2000
Map of Brazil displaying its first-level administrative divisions (Federative units) according to the category of their Human Development Index.
2010
Map of Brazil displaying its first-level administrative divisions (Federative units) according to the category of their Human Development Index.
2014
巴西的每个地区在20年内都显着提高了人类发展指数,到2010年没有人类发展水平较低的联邦单位。南部,东南部和中西部是最先进的地区,而北部和东北部仍然是中等人类发展。


参见

注释

  1. Considering that the UNDP uses data provided by census, the HDI was exceptionally calculated in 1991 because of the postponement of the 1990 census by the IBGE due to political and institutional reasons.
  2. Because of the difference in methodology used to calculate the HDI of Brazilian federative units and countries, although similar, there is a discrepancy between the figures for Brazil presented in the local and global reports of the UNDP.

引用

  1. . United Nations Development Programme. [August 5, 2013]. (原始内容存档于2010-11-04).
  2. Human Development Atlas in Brazil 2013,第24頁.
  3. Human Development Report 2013,第145頁.
  4. (PDF). 2013. United Nations Development Programme. March 14, 2013 [August 5, 2013]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-05-12).
  5. Human Development Report 2013,第1頁.
  6. (新闻稿). Brazilian Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger. March 15, 2013 [August 5, 2013]. (原始内容存档于August 5, 2013).
  7. . Country Profile: Human Development Indicators. United Nations Development Programme. [August 5, 2013]. (原始内容存档于June 6, 2013).
  8. Human Development Atlas in Brazil 2013,第45頁.
  9. . Rio de Janeiro: Bernama. July 30, 2013 [August 5, 2013]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03).
  10. Human Development Atlas in Brazil 2013,第24–29頁.
  11. . Database. United Nations Development Programme. [August 5, 2013]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-25) (葡萄牙语).
  12. Human Development Report 2013,第148–151頁.
  13. Brasil, PNUD. (PDF). (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-03-07).
  14. Brasil, PNUD. (PDF). (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-08-04).




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