帕奈号事件
帕奈号事件(英語:)發生於1937年12月12日,大日本帝國軍隊轰炸了长江上的美国海军炮舰帕奈号,以及3艘标准石油公司的油船,并且用机枪扫射落水的幸存者。当时正值日军攻入南京之际,遭受攻击的船只搭载着逃出南京的中国难民。事件发生后,美国国内舆论哗然,民众震怒于日本的行径,但是美日双方很快进行了调停与和解。在调停中,日方辩称军队攻击时没有看到船只甲板上的美国国旗。随后,日本政府正式道歉,并且立即支付了赔偿金。[1]
帕奈号事件 | |||||||
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抗日战争的一部分 | |||||||
帕奈号于日军攻击后沉没 (摄于中国南京) | |||||||
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参战方 | |||||||
美國 | 日本 | ||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||
1艘炮舰沉没 3人死亡 43人受伤 | 无 | ||||||
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資料來源
- Walter LaFeber, The Clash (1997) p. 187.
相關書籍
- Ashbaugh, William. "Relations with Japan." in A Companion to Franklin D. Roosevelt (2011) pp: 612+.
- LaFeber, Walter. The clash: a history of U.S.-Japan relations (1997) pp 196–198. excerpt (页面存档备份,存于)
- Konstam, Angus. Yangtze River Gunboats 1900–49 (Bloomsbury, 2012).
- Peifer, Douglas. Choosing War: Presidential Decisions in the Maine, Lusitania, and Panay Incidents (Oxford UP, 2016) online review (页面存档备份,存于)
- Perry, Hamilton Darby. The Panay Incident: Prelude to Pearl Harbor (1969).
- Roberts Jr, Frank N. "Climax of Isolationism, Countdown to World War." Naval History 26.6 (2012): 32+
- Schnurr, Jeremy. "'The Best Possible Time for War?' The USS Panay and American Far Eastern Policy During the Roosevelt Presidency" (MA thesis. University of Ottawa, 2012) online (页面存档备份,存于); bibliography pp 165–72
- Swanson, Harlan J. "The 'Panay' Incident: Prelude To Pearl Harbor." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings (Dec 1967) 93#12 pp 26-37.
- Tolley, Kemp. Yangtze Patrol: The US Navy in China (Naval Institute Press, 2013).
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