建議的最大酒精飲料攝取量
關於安全的酒精最大摄入量或安全限度,全球没有达成共识[1]。各国政府的卫生机构所提供的飲酒指导方针各不相同。美国心脏协会建议那些尚未饮用酒精饮料的人不應該接觸酒精飲料,因为飲酒可能會造成长期负面影响[2][3]。
男性
既不怀孕也非哺乳期的妇女
孕妇
- 加拿大:「如果已怀孕或準備怀孕,请不要喝酒」[12]
- 法国:完全禁酒[13]
- 香港:「怀孕期间戒酒是最安全的选择」[14]
- 冰岛:建议孕妇在怀孕期间禁酒,因为不存在安全的飲酒量
- 以色列:妇女在怀孕前和怀孕期间应避免饮酒[15]
- 荷兰:禁酒
- 新西兰:怀孕或準備怀孕的妇女应避免饮酒
- 挪威:禁酒[16]
- 中華人民共和國:禁止飲酒[9]
- 美国:怀孕期间和準備怀孕期间應完全禁酒[17]
简而言之,上述所有国家和地區的衛生機構建议,如果妇女要怀孕或可能怀孕,就不要饮酒。
未成年人
各国对未成年人飲酒也有不同的建议。
参考文献
- . Theargus.co.uk. 2013-01-27 [2014-03-30]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-01).
- Deedwania, Prakash. . American Heart Association (AHA). 12 January 2015 [4 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-24) (英语).
- Mechanick, Jeffrey I.; Kushner, Robert F. . Springer Science. 21 April 2016: 153. ISBN 9783319246871 (英语).
However, even light alcohol use (≤1 drink daily) increases the risk of developing cancer, and heavier use (≥2-4 drinks daily) significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Given these and other risks, the American Heart Association cautions that, if they do not already drink alcohol, people should not start drinking for the purported cardiovascular benefits of alcohol.
- Department of Health Action Plan to Reduce Alcohol-related Harm in Hong Kong (页面存档备份,存于) September 2011
- Worldwide Recommendations on Alcohol Consumption 的存檔,存档日期26 May 2006.
- . IARD.org. International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. [23 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-23).
- Drinking and You Drinking guidelines — units of alcohol 的存檔,存档日期8 February 2007.
- 京華時報. . [2021-04-21]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-21).
- National Health and Medical Research Council 2009 Australian Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks from Drinking Alcohol (页面存档备份,存于)
- National Health and Medical Research Council 2009 Australian Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks from Drinking Alcohol: Frequently Asked Questions (页面存档备份,存于)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health / Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale Low-Risk Drinking Guidelines (页面存档备份,存于)
- . IARD.org. International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. [23 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-23)."Drinking Guidelines: General Population" (页面存档备份,存于). IARD.org. International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
- Department of Health
- . Ministry of Health. State of Israel. [23 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-28).
- (PDF). http://avogtil.no/. AV OG TIL. [23 June 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-12-15).
- 'USDA, Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005, Chapter 9: Alcoholic Beverages (页面存档备份,存于)
- Family Health Service, Department of Health
- New Zealand Ministry of Health Manatū Hauora Food and Nutrition Guidelines for Healthy Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women (页面存档备份,存于)
- . Dcsf.gov.uk. [2014-03-30]. (原始内容存档于14 June 2013).
- Parents back alcohol free childhood 17 December 2009
- BBC 'No alcohol' urged for under-15s (页面存档备份,存于) 29 January 2009
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