异或链表
概述
普通双向链表的每个结点有三个域 ,分别存储着前一个结点的地址、后一个点的地址,以及数据
... A B C D E ... –> next –> next –> next –> <– prev <– prev <– prev <–
异或链表通过异或操作(这里用⊕表示)把前一个结点的地址和后一个结点的地址变成一个地址
... A B C D E ... <–> A⊕C <-> B⊕D <-> C⊕E <-> link(B) = addr(A)⊕addr(C), link(C) = addr(B)⊕addr(D), …
当从左往右遍历的时候,如果当前结点是C,指针域是内容是B⊕D,通过和前一个结点B的地址做异或操作就能得到下一个结点D的地址,如此重复便能遍历整个链表。
C语言示例(异或指针双向链表)
异或链表结点结构
typedef struct XorNode {
char data;
struct XorNode *LRPtr;
}
XorNode, *XorPointer;
异或指针双向链表结构
typedef struct XorLinkedList {
XorPointer left, right;
}
XorLinkedList;
异或操作
XorPointer xor(XorPointer a, XorPointer b) {
return (XorPointer)((unsigned long)(a) ^ (unsigned long)(b));
}
创建异或双向链表
void createXorLinkedList(XorLinkedList *list) {
char ch;
XorPointer lastNode = NULL;
int isFirstNode = 1;
while ((ch = getchar()) != '\n') {
XorPointer newNode = (XorPointer) malloc(sizeof(XorNode));
newNode -> data = ch;
newNode -> LRPtr = NULL;
if (lastNode) {
newNode -> LRPtr = xor(lastNode, NULL);
lastNode -> LRPtr = xor(xor(lastNode -> LRPtr, NULL), newNode);
}
lastNode = newNode;
if (isFirstNode) {
isFirstNode = 0;
list -> left = newNode;
}
}
list -> right = lastNode;
}
按任意方向依次输出各结点值
void print(XorPointer a, XorPointer b) {
XorPointer nullFirst = a == NULL ? a : b;
XorPointer nonNullFirst = a != NULL ? a : b;
XorPointer tmp = NULL;
do {
printf("%c ", nonNullFirst -> data);
tmp = nonNullFirst;
nonNullFirst = xor(nullFirst, nonNullFirst -> LRPtr);
nullFirst = tmp;
} while (nonNullFirst != NULL);
}
在第i个结点之前插入一个结点
void XorLinkedListInsert(XorLinkedList *list, int pos, char data) {
XorPointer node = list -> left, tmp = NULL;
XorPointer last = NULL;
XorPointer newNode = NULL;
int i = 1;
while (i < pos && node != NULL) {
tmp = node;
node = xor(last, node -> LRPtr);
last = tmp;
i++;
}
newNode = (XorPointer) malloc(sizeof(XorNode));
newNode -> data = data;
newNode -> LRPtr = xor(last, node);
if (node != NULL) {
node -> LRPtr = xor(newNode, xor(last, node -> LRPtr));
}
if (last != NULL) {
last -> LRPtr = xor(xor(last -> LRPtr, node), newNode);
}
if (pos == 1) {
list -> left = newNode;
}
}
删除第i个结点
void XorLinkedListDelete(XorLinkedList *list, int pos) {
XorPointer node = list -> left, last = NULL, next = NULL, tmp = NULL;
int i = 1;
while (i < pos && node != NULL) {
i++;
tmp = node;
node = xor(last, node -> LRPtr);
last = tmp;
}
next = xor(last, node -> LRPtr);
if (last != NULL) {
last -> LRPtr = xor(xor(last -> LRPtr, node), next);
}
if (next != NULL) {
next -> LRPtr = xor(last, xor(node, next -> LRPtr));
} else {
list -> right = last; //删除了最后一个结点
}
if (pos == 1) {
list -> left = next;
}
free(node);
}
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