史蒂芬·阿諾·道格拉斯
史蒂芬·阿諾·道格拉斯（英語：，1813年4月23日—1861年6月3日），美国佛蒙特州布蘭登人，是一名民主黨籍的政治家。道格拉斯曾任聯邦眾議員與聯邦參議員，也是內布拉斯加法案的設計者，並曾在1860年代表民主黨參選美國總統，但敗於共和黨的亞伯拉罕·林肯。道格拉斯先前在1858年伊利诺伊州参议员选举中与林肯的辩论中战胜了他。他曾推动通过了1850年妥协案来防止蓄奴问题导致更大的南北区域分歧。道格拉斯坚持倡导人民主权，认为美国领地蓄奴与否的问题应自行解决、而不受到联邦干涉。该立场同时被蓄奴主义者和廢奴主義者反对。由于其较小的体型和具有影响力的政治地位，道格拉斯常被称为“小巨人”。
| 史蒂芬·A·道格拉斯 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 伊利诺伊州聯邦參議員 | |
| 任期 1847年3月4日—1861年6月3日 | |
| 前任 | James Semple |
| 继任 | Orville H. Browning |
| 美国众议院议员 来自伊利诺伊州第5选区 | |
| 任期 1843年3月4日—1847年3月3日 | |
| 前任 | 選區新設 |
| 继任 | 威廉·理察森 |
| 第7任伊利诺伊州州務卿 | |
| 任期 1840年—1841年 | |
| 州长 | 托馬斯·卡林 |
| 前任 | Alexander Pope Field |
| 继任 | Lyman Trumbull |
| 个人资料 | |
| 出生 | Stephen Arnold Douglas 1813年4月23日 .svg.png.webp){kind=small} 美国佛蒙特州布蘭登 |
| 逝世 | 1861年6月3日（48歲）.svg.png.webp){kind=small} 美利堅合眾國伊利诺伊州芝加哥 |
| 政党 |  民主党 |
| 配偶 | Martha Martin Adele Cutts |
| 签名 |  |
职业生涯
註釋
- Morris, Roy, Jr. First edition. [Washington, D.C.] 2008. ISBN 978-0-06-085209-2. OCLC 154308779.
參考文獻
- Robert W. Johannsen, ed. The Letters of Stephen A. Douglas (1961)
- Paul M. Angle, ed., Created Equal? The Complete Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 (1958)
- Clinton, Anita Watkins. "Stephen Arnold Douglas - His Mississippi Experience," Journal of Mississippi History 1988 50(2): 56-88.
- Lincoln, Abraham and Douglas, Stephen A. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates: The First Complete, Unexpurgated Text. Harold Holzer, Ed. Harpercollins, 1993.
- Harry V. Jaffa and Robert W. Johannsen, eds. In the Name of the People: Speeches and Writings of Lincoln and Douglas in the Ohio Campaign of 1859. (1959) online version（页面存档备份，存于）
- Douglas, Stephen Arnold. A brief treatise upon constitutional and party questions, and the history of political parties（页面存档备份，存于）, (1861) James Madison Cutts, ed. (1866)
Chisholm, Hugh (编). . (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911.
延伸閱讀
- Barbee, David R., and Milledge L. Bonham, Jr. "The Montgomery Address of Stephen A. Douglas," Journal of Southern History, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Nov., 1939), pp. 527–552 in JSTOR（页面存档备份，存于）
- Bordewich, Fergus M. America's Great Debate: Henry Clay, Stephen A. Douglas, and the Compromise That Preserved the Union (2012) excerpt and text search（页面存档备份，存于）
- Capers, Gerald M. Stephen A. Douglas: Defender of the Union (1959), short biography
- Childers, Christopher. "Interpreting Popular Sovereignty: A Historiographical Essay," Civil War History Volume 57, Number 1, March 2011 pp. 48–70 in Project MUSE
- Clinton, Anita Watkins. "Stephen Arnold Douglas - His Mississippi Experience" Journal of Mississippi History 1988 50(2): 56-88.
- Dean; Eric T., Jr. "Stephen A. Douglas and Popular Sovereignty" Historian 1995 57(4): 733-748 online version（页面存档备份，存于）
- Egerton, Douglas R., Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War, Bloomsbury Press, 2010. more on the book（页面存档备份，存于）
- Eyal, Yonatan. "With His Eyes Open: Stephen A. Douglas and the Kansas-Nebraska Disaster of 1854" Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 1998 91(4): 175-217. ISSN 1522-1067
- Glickstein, Jonathan A., American exceptionalism, American anxiety: wages, competition, and degraded labor in the Antebellum United States; University of Virginia Press, (2002)
- Hansen, Stephen and Nygard, Paul. "Stephen A. Douglas, the Know-nothings, and the Democratic Party in Illinois, 1854-1858" Illinois Historical Journal 1994 87(2): 109-130.
- Huston, James L. "Democracy by Scripture versus Democracy by Process: A Reflection on Stephen A. Douglas and Popular Sovereignty." Civil War History. 43#1 (1997) pp: 189+. online version（页面存档备份，存于）
- Huston, James L. "Stephen A. Douglas and the Dilemmas of Democratic Equality." Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2007.
- Jaffa, Harry V. Crisis of the House Divided: An Interpretation of the Issues in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates. 1959. online version（页面存档备份，存于）
- Johannsen, Robert W. Stephen A. Douglas (1973), 993pp
- Johannsen, Robert W. The Frontier, the Union, and Stephen A. Douglas U. of Illinois Press, 1989.
- McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom. Oxford Univ. Press, 1988. Standard modern history of the war.
- Milton, George Fort. The Eve of Conflict: Stephen A. Douglas and the Needless War (1934), older scholarly biography
- Morris, Roy, Jr., The Long Pursuit: Abraham Lincoln's Thirty-Year Struggle with Stephen Douglas for the Heart and Soul of America, HarperCollins Publishers, 2008.
- Morrison, Michael A.Slavery and the American west: the eclipse of manifest destiny and the coming of the American Civil War University of North Carolina Press, (1997)
- Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union especially vol 1-4 (1947–63): Fruits of Manifest Destiny, 1847-1852; A House Dividing, 1852-1857; Douglas, Buchanan, and Party Chaos, 1857-1859; Prologue to Civil War, 1859-1861.
- Nichols, Roy F. "The Kansas-Nebraska Act: A Century of Historiography", Mississippi Valley Historical Review 43 (1956): 187-212; JSTOR
- Peck, Graham A. "Was Stephen A. Douglas Antislavery?," Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association, Summer 2005 online
- Quitt, Martin H. "Stephen A. Douglas and Antebellum Democracy." (2012) New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 (1920) vol 1-2, detailed narrative
- Russel, Robert R. "What Was the Compromise of 1850?" Journal of Southern History 20 (1956): 292-309 in JSTOR
- Russel, Robert R. "The Issues in the Congressional Struggle Over the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 1854," Journal of Southern History 29 (May 1963): 187-210; in JSTOR
- Stevenson, James A. "Lincoln vs. Douglas over the Republican Ideal" American Studies 1994 35(1): 63-89
- Zarefsky, David. Lincoln, Douglas, and Slavery: in the Crucible of Public Debate (1990). 309 pp
外部連結
 |
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：史蒂芬·A·道格拉斯 |
 |
维基语录上的史蒂芬·阿諾·道格拉斯语录 |
- 史蒂芬·阿諾·道格拉斯－美國國會國家人物傳記大辭典
- Project Gutenberg text of Life of Stephen A. Douglas（页面存档备份，存于） by William Gardner
- Page images of two Speeches made by Douglas, one on the Compromise of 1850
- Speech made before the NY State Agricultural Society
- Association dedicated to preservation of Douglas history. Site contains many speeches and images.（页面存档备份，存于）
- . . 1905.
| 官衔 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 前任者： Alexander P. Field |
伊利諾州州務卿 1840年–1841年 |
繼任者： Lyman Trumbull |
| 美利堅合眾國眾議院 | ||
| 前任者： {{{before}}} |
美國伊利諾州（第5選區）眾議員 1843年–1847年 |
繼任者： William Alexander Richardson |
| 美利堅合眾國參議院 | ||
| 前任者： James Semple |
美國伊利諾州（第2選區）參議員 1847年3月4日 – 1861年6月3日 與Sidney Breese, James Shields, Lyman Trumbull同時在任 |
繼任者： Orville H. Browning |
| 政党职务 | ||
| 前任者： 詹姆斯·布坎南 |
民主党總統參選人¹ 1860年 |
繼任者： George McClellan |
| 註解 | ||
| 1. The Democratic Party split in 1860, producing two presidential nominees. Douglas was nominated by Northern Democrats; John C. Breckinridge was nominated by Southern Democrats. | ||
Template:Illinois Secretaries of State Template:USDemPresNominees Template:USSenIL Template:Lincoln–Douglas debates
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.