新真诚

新真诚(与后-后现代主义密切相关并时常被描述为它的同义词)是在音乐美学、文学小说、影评诗歌文学评论哲学上兴起的一种趋势。它通常描述了扩大和摆脱后现代主义讽刺犬儒主义概念的创作,有部分回归现代主义的表现。尽管它是由美国作家戴维·福斯特·华莱士所推广的,其使用最早可以追溯到1980年代中期。[1][2]

在音乐上

1985至1990年间,“新真诚”被用作以奧斯汀为中心的一群零散另类摇滚乐队的总称,它们被视作为对当时尚不知名的音乐运动(例如朋克摇滚新浪潮)的讽刺性的展望的回应。在使用中将“新真诚”一词与这些乐队联系起来始于奥斯丁朋克摇滚作家Jesse Sublett对他的朋友,当地音乐作家Margaret Moser的一条不客气的评论。根据作者Barry Shank的说法,Sublett说:“所有这些新真诚乐队都是废物。”[3] Sublett(在他自己的网站上)称他的话被错误引用了,他实际上告诉Moser的是,“这对我来说都是新的诚意...这不是我的菜。”[4] 无论如何,Moser开始使用这些句子,其最终成为了这些乐队的流行语。[5][6]

在美国国内,最成功的“新真诚”乐队是在1985到1991年间发行了四个受到好评的专辑的The Reivers(原名Zeitgeist)乐队。由Alejandro EscovedoJon Dee Graham领导的True Believers乐队也受到了广泛的批评性的赞美和来自奥斯汀当地的好评,但是乐队存在难以在录制时捕获现场声音等问题。[7]其它重要的“新真诚”乐队包括有Doctors Mob乐队、[8][9]Wild Seeds乐队[10]Glass Eye乐队。[11]另一个标志性的“新真诚”人物是古怪但是备受赞誉的歌曲作者丹尼爾·約翰斯頓[3]

尽管受到了广泛的关注(包括《滚石》杂志在全美国的覆盖以及1985年的MTV节目The Cutting Edge),但没有一个“新真诚”乐队取得了较大的商业成功,而“光景”在几年内就结束了。[12][13]

其它音乐作家也使用“新真诚”来描述后来的表演者,例如拱廊之火[14]Conor Oberst[15]貓女魔力Devendra BanhartJoanna Newsom[16]中性牛奶飯店[17]Sufjan Stevens[18]Idlewild[19],此外还有奥斯汀的Okkervil River[20]Leatherbag[21]Michael Waller[22]

作为一个文化运动

“新真诚主义”自2002年开始受到PRIThe Sound of Young America,其自称为“关于酷炫事物的公共广播节目”,的主持人Jesse Thorn的赞扬。Thorn将新真诚视为一场由格言“最多乐趣(Maximum Fun)”和“更加酷炫(Be More Awesome)”组成的文化运动。它颂扬特大规模的欢乐庆祝,并反对讽刺,尤其是对文化作品的讽刺。Thorn在他的节目和采访中提出了这一观点,[23][24][25][26][27]一份俄罗斯后苏联审美理论的学术研究中以“新真诚”一词的美国普及者的身份提及了Thorn。[28]Thorn提出的概念的典型解释是这份2006年的“新真诚宣言”:

什么是新真诚主义?你可以认为它像战神金刚一样拥有讽刺和诚意,以形成一种令人惊叹的力量;或者认为它是缺乏讽刺和诚意的,那里更少便(显然)是更多。如果这让你的大脑感到紧张的话,想想Evel Knievel。容我坦率地说,没有办法可以从字面上来欣赏Evel Knievel。Evel是那种连小说都无法描绘的人,因为现实实在是太夸张了。这是一个穿着红白蓝三色皮衣连身裤,开着某种火箭车,通过从东西上面跳过去来收获名利的人。这是一个就像小蜘蛛出现在在漫画书封面上一样自然的真人。简而言之,Evel Knievel令大家惊叹。但同样的道理,他也不是讽刺的。实际情况是,Evel他是,一言以蔽之,酷炫的……我们的问候方式:两个竖起的大拇指。我们的信条:“更加酷炫”。我们的生活方式:“最多乐趣”。将警惕置之脑后吧,朋友,用新真诚主义的方式活着。[29]

参考文献

  1. David Foster Wallace, "E Unibus Pluram: Television and U.S. Fiction" 页面存档备份,存于.
  2. Williams, Iain. . Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction. 2015-05-27, 56 (3): 299–314. ISSN 0011-1619. doi:10.1080/00111619.2014.899199.
  3. Barry Shank, Dissonant Identities: The Rock'N'Roll Scene in Austin, Texas (Wesleyan University Press, 1994) (ISBN 9780819562760), p. 148–149 & p.271 n.84. (excerpt available at Google Books).
  4. "Jesse's Music Bio" 页面存档备份,存于 at Jesse Sublett's Little Black Book 页面存档备份,存于 (retrieved September 18, 2009).
  5. Peter Blackstock, "'is it worth the admission....'" 存檔,存档日期2008-12-04., No Depression blog post dated January 15, 2008.
  6. Regarding Jesse Sublett and his band, The Skunks, see Ken Lieck, "Young, Loud, and Cheap: The Skunks, the Band That Broke Austin Out of the Seventies" 页面存档备份,存于, Austin Chronicle, December 8, 2000, and Jesse Sublett, Never the Same Again: A Rock 'N' Roll Gothic (Ten Speed Press, 2004), ISBN 978-1-58008-598-4 (excerpts available 页面存档备份,存于 at Google Books).
  7. True Believers at Allmusic.
  8. Kent H. Benjamin, "Why Should Anyone Care Now?" 页面存档备份,存于, Austin Chronicle Weekly Wire August 30, 1999.
  9. Doctors Mob at Allmusic.
  10. Wild Seeds at Allmusic.
  11. Glass Eye at Allmusic.
  12. Kristin Gorski, Almost Famous: The Austin Texas Soundtrack Circa 1985 页面存档备份,存于, Annabelle Magazine, No. 12 (2006).
  13. Michael Corcoran, "The New Sincerity: Austin in the Eighties", reprinted in Michael Corcoran, All Over the Map: True Heroes of Texas Music (University of Texas Press, 2005), ISBN 978-0-292-70976-8, pp. 150–156.
  14. Huffington Post, "ultra-sincere indie artists from Arcade Fire" 页面存档备份,存于 Huffington Post, May 16, 2013.
  15. The New York Times,"Mr. Sincerity tries a new trick" The New York Times, January 16, 2005.
  16. Jason Morris, “The Time Between Time: Messianism & the Promise of a “New Sincerity” 页面存档备份,存于, Jacket 35 (2008)
  17. Huffington Post, "many significant indie artists" 页面存档备份,存于 Huffington Post, May 16, 2013.
  18. Huffington Post, " many significant indie artists" 页面存档备份,存于 Huffington Post, May 16, 2013.
  19. Robert Christgau, "Vibrators" 页面存档备份,存于, The Village Voice, March 27, 2001.
  20. Kate X. Messer, "Okkervil River: The New Sincerity" 页面存档备份,存于, Austin Chronicle, March 3, 2000.
  21. Austin Powell, "Texas Platters: deEP end" 页面存档备份,存于, Austin Chronicle, March 13, 2009.
  22. . [2017-10-24]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-27).
  23. Ben Kharakh, "Jesse Thorn, America's Radio Sweetheart" 存檔,存档日期2008-09-29. in Gothamist, posted November 2, 2006.
  24. Dennis McCafferty, "Top podcast picks: Favorites from experts in their category", USA Weekend, January 14, 2007. (Thorn's program was the in-print "podcast pick" of comedian Patton Oswalt.)
  25. "Interview: Jesse Thorn, Part 1" 页面存档备份,存于, The Merlin Show, posted June 4, 2007.
  26. Dan Brodnitz, "An Interview with The Sound of Young America's Jesse Thorn" 页面存档备份,存于, O'Reilly Digital Media, posted September 15, 2008.
  27. But see Bill Forman, "Müz: The New Ambiguity" 页面存档备份,存于, Metro Santa Cruz, March 8–15, 2006 (opining that New Sincerity is "just another ironic hoax").
  28. Alexei Yurchak, "Post-Post-Communist Sincerity: Pioneers, Cosmonauts, and Other Soviet Heroes Born Today", in Thomas Lahusen and Peter H. Solomon, What Is Soviet Now?: Identities, Legacies, Memories (LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 2008), ISBN 978-3-8258-0640-8, p.258 n.3, excerpt 页面存档备份,存于 available at Google Books. ("In the United States, the term 'new sincerity' has been popularized since 9/11 by some youth media (for example, by Jesse Thorn, the host of a popular music program Sound of Young America, on New York's National Public Radio station WNYC").)
  29. Jesse Thorn, "A Manifesto for The New Sincerity" 页面存档备份,存于, February 17, 2006.
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