昼夜节律
晝夜節律(英語:)又称日夜節律、概日節律、日變週期、生理時鐘(physiological clock),是一種生理現象,以內源性、持續的,呈現以約24小時為周期的變動;由日變時鐘(circadian clock)所驅動。包括植物、動物、真菌等,都被觀察到有類似生理變化。英语 circadian 源自拉丁语 circa,為大約、大概的意思;拉丁语 diem 是一天、一日之意。合起來,在字面上的意思,是大約一天。
昼夜振荡器(circadian oscillator)则是驱动昼夜节律的中枢机制,使生物的生理节律与昼夜周期相一致,以近24小时为周期而振荡的节律,由基因产物作用于基因启动子所组成的反馈回路或其他反馈回路。
2017年来自美国的三位遗传学家杰弗理·霍尔(Jeffrey Hall)、迈克尔·罗斯巴希(Michael Rosbash)和迈克尔·扬(Michael Young)因发现控制昼夜节律的分子机制而共同赢得了诺贝尔生理医学奖。
延伸閱讀
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