曼地盾

曼地盾里奥-曼地盾里奥-曼克拉通)是一个地盾克拉通,位于西非克拉通东南部。曼地盾有一部分被含比利姆岩系覆盖。

加纳Tarkwa金矿区地质图,展示显著的褶皱和断裂

地理与地质

曼地盾包括科特迪瓦马里布基纳法索加纳塞拉利昂利比里亚几内亚的一部分。[1]西非克拉通一大部分都属于这个地盾,包含有古元古代比利姆岩系[2]

比利姆岩系最早形成在未成熟的火山弧环境中,后来在象牙造山运动期间再次变质。这一地区的绿岩带少见,使得构造史的相当大一部分都是缺失的。有限暴露分布的绿岩带经历了大型变形事件associated with 花岗岩类深成岩[3] 世界上品位最高的金矿大都位于曼地盾,其他重要矿物还有铁矿、铝、铅锌、矿。大部分金矿在象牙造山运动期间形成,剩下一些的年代还要更早,是在新元古代洋弧弧后盆地中形成,在白垩纪受到侵蚀出露。[4]

参考

  1. Jessell M.W., Liégeois J-P. (2015). "100 years of research on the West African Craton". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 112(B): 377– 381. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.10.008
  2. Ennih N. & Liégeois J-P. (2008). The Boundaries of the West African Craton. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 297: 1–17. doi:10.1144/SP297.1
  3. Ganne J., De Andrade V., Weinberg R.F., Vidal O., Dubacq B., Kagambega N., Naba S., Baratoux L., Jessell M., Allibon J. (2011). "Modern-style plate subduction preserved in the Palaeoproterozoic West African craton". Nature: Geoscience. 5: 60-65.doi:10.1038/ngeo1321
  4. Markwitz V., Hein K.A.A., Jessell M.W., Miller J. (2016).M "etallogenic portfolio of the West African craton". Ore Geology Reviews. 78: 558-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.10.024

外部链接

  • Mason, Edited by Robert, , Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1992, ISBN 0-7923-1582-0
  • Virginia Heffernan, , Earth Explorer, August 2008 [2009-03-25], (原始内容存档于2020-06-09)
  • Haggerty, S. E., Hills, D. V., & Toft, P. B., , Workshop on the Growth of Continental Crust (University of Massachusetts), 1987-07-13: 68, Bibcode:1988gocc.work...68H
  • Imrich Kusnir, (PDF), Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 1999, 4: 311–318 [2009-03-25], (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-10-04)
  • Thomas Schlüter, , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006-01-16, doi:10.1007/3-540-29145-8_31
  • , West Africa Exploration Initiative, [2009-03-25], (原始内容存档于2011-07-22)
  • (PDF), AMIRA International Limited, June 2006 [2009-03-25]
  • E.I. Nikolenko; V.P. Afanasiev, (PDF), Russian Academy of Sciences, 2008 [2009-03-25], (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-03)
  • , Minerals Commission (Ghana), [2009-03-25], (原始内容存档于2007-07-25)
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