杓兰属

杓兰属(学名:Cypripedium)是兰科的一,是一类地生草本植物直立,叶片通常椭圆形至卵形,有时有黑紫色斑点。花序顶生,通常具单花或少数具2-3花;花苞片通常叶状;花朵较大;唇瓣为深囊状,球形、椭圆形或其他形状,一般有宽阔的囊口;有2枚侧生的能育雄蕊、1枚位于上方的退化雄蕊和1个位于下方的柱头;花药2室,花丝很短;退化雄蕊通常为扁平状;柱头肥厚,表面有乳突。果实为蒴果。全属约50种,主要产于东亚北美欧洲温带地区和亚热带山地。大部分可作观赏植物[1]

杓兰属
皇后杓兰
Cypripedium reginae
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 单子叶植物 Monocots
目: 天門冬目 Asparagales
科: 蘭科 Orchidaceae
亚科: 杓兰亚科 Cypripedioideae
族: 杓兰族 Cypripedieae
亚族: 杓兰亚族 Cypripediinae
属: 杓兰属 Cypripedium
L.,1753
模式種
杓兰 Cypripedium calceolus
L., 1753
異名
  • Arietinum Beck
  • Calceolaria Heist. ex Fabr.不要与Calceolaria蒲包花属)混淆 L.
  • Calceolus Mill.
  • Ciripedium Zumagl.
  • Criogenes Salisb.
  • Criosanthes Raf.
  • Cypripedilon St.-Lag. in A.Cariot
  • Fissipes Small
  • Hypodema Rchb.
  • Sacodon Raf.
  • Schizopedium Salisb.


下属物种

本属包括以下物种:

  • Cypripedium acaule – Mocassin flower, Pink lady's slipper, Two-leaved lady's slipper (C. and E. Canada, NC & E USA)
  • Cypripedium arietinum – Ram's-head lady's slipper (C & E Canada, NC & NE USA)
  • 无苞杓兰 Cypripedium bardolphianum – (中国)
  • 杓兰 Cypripedium calceolus – Yellow lady's slipper (欧洲至日本)
  • Cypripedium calcicolum – (中国)
  • Cypripedium californicum – California lady's slipper (Oregon, N. California)
  • Cypripedium candidum – Small white lady slipper (SE Canada, NC & E USA)
  • 白唇杓兰 Cypripedium cordigerum – Heart-Lip lady's slipper (N Pakistan to Himalaya, S Tibet)
  • Cypripedium daweishanense (S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu) S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu (2005) – (Yunnan, China South-Central)
  • 对叶杓兰 Cypripedium debile – Frail lady's slipper (Japan, Taiwan, China)
  • Cypripedium dickinsonianum – (Mexico (S Chiapas) to Guatemala)
  • 雅致杓兰 Cypripedium elegans – (尼泊尔东部至中国)
  • 毛瓣杓兰 Cypripedium fargesii – (中国)
  • 华西杓兰 Cypripedium farreri – (中国)
  • Cypripedium fasciculatum – Brownie lady's slipper, Clustered lady's slipper (美国西部)
  • 大叶杓兰 Cypripedium fasciolatum (中国)
  • 黄花杓兰 Cypripedium flavum – Yellow lady's slipper (SE Tibet, SC China)
  • 台灣杓蘭 Cypripedium formosanum – Formosa lady's slipper (C 台湾)
  • 玉龙杓兰 Cypripedium forrestii – (中国)
  • 毛杓兰 Cypripedium franchetii – Franchet's lady's slipper (C & SC China)
  • Cypripedium froschii – (中国)
  • 紫点杓兰 Cypripedium guttatum – Spotted lady's slipper (European Russia to Korea, Alaska to Yukon)
  • 绿花杓兰 Cypripedium henryi – Henry's lady's slipper (C China)
  • Cypripedium x herae – (C.parviflorum x C.reginae) (Manitoba, Canada)
  • 高山杓兰 Cypripedium himalaicum – (SE Tibet to Himalaya)
  • Cypripedium irapeanum – Pelican Orchid, Irapeao lady's slipper (Mexico to Honduras)
  • 扇脉杓兰 Cypripedium japonicum – Japan lady's slipper (China, Korea, Japan)
  • 肯塔基杓兰 Cypripedium kentuckiense – Kentucky lady's slipper, Southern lady's slipper (C & E USA)
  • Cypripedium lentiginosum – (中国)
  • 丽江杓兰 Cypripedium lichiangense S.C.Chen & P.J.Cribb – (China (SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan), NE Myanmar)
  • 波密杓兰 Cypripedium ludlowii – (西藏东南部)
  • 大花杓兰 Cypripedium macranthos – Large-flowered lady's slipper (E Belarus to temperate E Asia)
  • Cypripedium malipoense S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu – (云南,华南)
  • 斑叶杓兰 Cypripedium margaritaceum – Pearl-white lady's slipper (China)
  • 小花杓兰 Cypripedium micranthum – (中国)
  • Cypripedium molle – (Mexico)
  • Cypripedium montanum – Large lady's slipper, Mountain lady's slipper, White lady's slipper, Moccasin flower (Alaska to California)
  • 巴郎山杓兰 Cypripedium palangshanense – (中国)
  • Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. – (Greater) yellow lady's slipper, moccasin flower, or hairy yellow ladyslipper (Canada, E USA)
  • Cypripedium passerinum – Franklyn's lady's slipper, small white Northern lady's slipper, sparrow's egg lady's slipper (Alaska to Canada, Montana)
  • 离萼杓兰 Cypripedium plectrochilum – (N Myanmar to SC China)
  • 皇后杓蘭 Cypripedium reginae Walter – Large white lady's slipper, Queen's lady's slipper, showy lady's slipper (C & E Canada, E. USA)
  • 宝岛杓兰 Cypripedium segawai – (EC Taiwan)
  • 山西杓兰 Cypripedium shanxiense – (中国到日本北部)
  • 四川杓兰 Cypripedium sichuanense – (中国)
  • 暖地杓兰 Cypripedium subtropicum – (西藏东南部)
  • Cypripedium taibaiense – (中国)
  • 西藏杓兰 Cypripedium tibeticum – (Sikkim to C China)
  • 宽口杓兰 Cypripedium wardii Rolfe, 1913 – (中国西藏东南部)
  • 乌蒙杓兰 Cypripedium wumengense S.C.Chen, 1985 – (中国)
  • Cypripedium yatabeanum Makino, 1899 – (Russian Far East to N & NC Japan, Aleutian Islands to SW Alaska)
  • 云南杓兰 Cypripedium yunnanense – (中国西藏东南部)
杂交种:
  • Cypripedium × alaskanum – (C. guttatum × C. yatabeanum; Alaska)
  • Cypripedium × andrewsii – (C. candidum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens) (E Canada, NC & NE USA)
  • Cypripedium × catherinae – (C. macranthon × C. shanxiense; Russian Far East)
  • Cypripedium × columbianum – (C. montanum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens; W Canada, NW USA)
  • Cypripedium × fred-mulleri Szlach., Kolan. & Górniak[2]
  • Cypripedium × ventricosum – (俄罗斯到朝鲜)
  • Cypripedium × wenqingiae – (C. farreri × C. tibeticum; China)
栽培种:
  • '白多花'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Multiflower white'
  • '黄多花'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Multiflower Yellow'
  • '帕尔维'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Parville'
  • '普韦布洛'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Pueblo'
  • '白花'皇后杓兰 Cypripedium reginae 'Album'
  • '沃尔特'黄花杓兰 Cypripedium reginae 'Walter'
  • '萨宾'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Sabine'

参考资料

  1. 中国植物物种数据信息库
  2. Dariusz L. Szlachetko, Marta Kolanowska, Fred Muller, Jay Vannini, Joanna Rojek and Marcin Górniak​. 2017. First Guatemalan Record of Natural Hybridisation between Neotropical Species of the Lady’s Slipper Orchid (Orchidaceae, Cypripedioideae). PeerJ. 5:e4162. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4162

外部链接

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