东欧文化圈
東歐文化圈(又被稱爲斯拉夫文化圈、東正教文化圈、西里爾文化圈),文化上亦屬於廣義的西方世界,其範圍主要為東歐(前蘇聯和巴爾幹半島)地區。其特徵為:多為斯拉夫民族,民衆多信奉東正教(基督正教),廣泛使用西里爾字母。
西里尔字母
西里尔字母源于脱胎自希腊字母的格拉哥里字母,普遍认为是由基督教传教士圣西里尔(827年-869年)和聖梅篤丟斯在9世纪为了在斯拉夫民族传播基督教(当时东西教会还未正式分裂)方便所创立的,被斯拉夫民族广泛采用,因此有时也称为斯拉夫字母。早期的西里尔字母又称作古斯拉夫語字母(現代的斯拉夫字母經過修改)。
東正教
東正教是基督宗教中的一個派別,主要是指依循由東羅馬帝國(又稱拜占庭帝國)所流傳下來的基督信仰傳統的教會。它是與天主教、基督新教並立的基督宗教三大派別之一。「正教」的希臘语(Orthodxia)意思是正統。
斯拉夫民族
斯拉夫民族發源於今波蘭東南部維斯杜拉河上游一帶,於西元一世紀時開始向外遷徙,至六世紀時期居地已經遍布東歐地區。依居住地的不同,斯拉夫民族可分成東、西、南三支,其中東支主要分布於前蘇聯境內,分布在東歐各地者以西、南兩支為主。
使用斯拉夫語及西里爾字母的國家和地區列表
國家 | 使用者 | 百分率 | 年份 | 参考 |
---|---|---|---|---|
亞美尼亞 | 23,484 | 0.8% | 2011 | [1] |
44,058 | 0.2% | 2012 | [1] | |
奥地利 | 8,446 | 0.1% | 2001 | [1] |
阿塞拜疆 | 122,449 | 1.4% | 2009 | [1] |
白俄羅斯 | 6,672,964 | 70.2% | 2009 | [1] |
加拿大 | 112,150 | 0.3% | 2011 | [1] |
1,592 | 0.04% | 2011 | [1] | |
賽普勒斯 | 20,984 | 2.5% | 2011 | [1] |
捷克 | 31,622 | 0.3% | 2011 | [1] |
爱沙尼亚 | 383,118 | 29.6% | 2011 | [1] |
芬兰 | 54,559 | 1.0% | 2010 | [1] |
16,355 | 0.4% | 2002 | [1] | |
以色列[note 1] | 1,155,960 | 15% | 2011 | [2] |
几内亚比绍 | 2,104 | 0.14% | 2009 | [1] |
4,351,404 | 23.7% | 2016 | [1] | |
482,200 | 8.9% | 2009 | [3] | |
拉脫維亞 | 698,757 | 33.8% | 2011 | [1] |
立陶宛 | 218,383 | 7.2% | 2011 | [1] |
模里西斯 | 40 | 0.003% | 2011 | [1] |
摩尔多瓦 | 380,796 | 11.3% | 2004 | [1] |
新西蘭 | 7,896 | 0.2% | 2006 | [1] |
挪威 | 16,833 | 0.3% | 2012 | [1] |
波蘭 | 21,916 | 0.1% | 2011 | [1] |
羅馬尼亞 | 18946 | 0.09% | 2011 | [1] |
俄羅斯 | 137,494,893 | 96.2% | 2010 | [1] |
塞爾維亞 | 3,179 | 0.04% | 2011 | [1] |
斯洛伐克 | 1,866 | 0.03% | 2001 | [1] |
40,598 | 0.5% | 2012 | [1] | |
634,958 | 12.0% | 2016 | [1] | |
烏克蘭 | 14,273,670 | 29.6% | 2001 | [1] |
美國 | 879,434 | 0.3% | 2013 | [4] |
4,185,253 | 14.2% | 2016 | [1] |
以東歐文化圈為主的國家
民族 | 民族国家 | 人口的大概数字 | |
---|---|---|---|
俄罗斯人 | 俄羅斯 | 130,000,000–150,000,000 | [5][6][7] |
波兰人 | 波蘭 | 57,393,000–60,000,000 | [8][9][10][11] |
乌克兰人 | 烏克蘭 | 46,700,000–51,800,000 | [12] |
塞尔维亚人 | 塞爾維亞 | 11,500,000–12,500,000 | [13][14] |
捷克人 | 捷克 | 10,000,000–12,000,000 | [15] |
保加利亚人 | 保加利亚 | 10,000,000 | [16][17] |
白俄罗斯人 | 白俄羅斯 | 10,000,000 | [18] |
克罗地亚人 | 9,000,000 | [19][20][21] | |
斯洛伐克人 | 斯洛伐克 | 6,940,000 | [22] |
波什尼亚克人 | 2,800,000–4,600,000 | ||
斯洛文尼亚人 | 斯洛維尼亞 | 2,500,000 | [22] |
马其顿人 | 北馬其頓 | 2,100,000 | [23][24] |
黑山人 | 蒙特內哥羅 | 560,000 | |
摩尔多瓦人 | 摩尔多瓦 | 2,998,235 |
注釋
- Based on a 2011 population of 7,706,400 (Central Bureau of Statistics of Israel)
參考文獻
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- including 36,522,000 single ethnic identity, 871,000 multiple ethnic identity (especially 431,000 Polish and Silesian, 216,000 Polish and Kashubian and 224,000 Polish and another identity) in Poland (according to the census 2011 (页面存档备份,存于)) and estimated over 20,000,000 Polish Diaspora Świat Polonii, witryna Stowarzyszenia Wspólnota Polska: "Polacy za granicą" (页面存档备份,存于) (Polish people abroad as per summary by Świat Polonii, internet portal of the association Wspólnota Polska)
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- Nasevski, Boško; Angelova, Dora; Gerovska, Dragica. [Matrix of Expatriates of Macedonia]. Skopje: Macedonian Expatriation Almanac '95. 1995: 52–53 (马其顿语).
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