极端保皇党

Ultra-royalists
Ultra-royalists; Ultraroyalistes
成立	1815
解散	1830
继承者	正统派
党报	La Gazette; La Quotidienne; Le Conservateur
意識形態	君主主义; 反动主义[1][2]; Ultramontanism[3][4][5]; 保守主义[6][7]
政治立場	右翼[8]至极右翼[9]
宗教信仰	罗马天主教
官方色彩	蓝色、白色 (formals); 绿色 (customary)[10]
	法兰西王国政治; 政党 · 选举

極端保皇黨（法語：ultraroyalistes，統稱 Ultras）是波旁王朝復辟時期（1815年至1830年）的法國政治派別，通常是上流社會貴族的成員，強烈支持羅馬天主教作為法國的國家和唯一合法宗教、波旁王朝[11]、傳統的階級等級，反对普選權、資產階級的利益以及他們的自由和民主傾向。[12]

1830年七月革命後，勝利的奧爾良主義者將波旁王朝廢黜給更自由的國王路易·菲利普，正統派取而代之。

参考资料

De Bertier, Ferdinand; De Bertier de Sauvigny, Guillaume. Editions Tallandier , 编. . 1993. ISBN 9782235021197.
De Waresquiel, Emmanuel. Fayard , 编. . 2005. ISBN 9782213659480.
1. 1829: 74.
Treuttel et Würtz (编). 22. 1844: 364.
Bailleul, Jacques-Charles. . 1819: 261.
Le Normant (编). 1. 1818: 348.
Reboul, Pierre. Presses Univ. Septentrion , 编. . 1973: 288.
- Jean-Jacques Oechslin. . Librairie générale de droit et de jurispurudence, R. Pichon & R. Durand-Auzias. 1960: 209.
- Pierre Triomphe, Pierre Triomphe. . Parlement[s], Revue d'histoire politique 2013/3 (n° HS 9). 2013: 35–47 [2022-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.
- Bertrand Goujon. II Le Seuil. Paris. 2012. ISBN 9782021094459.
- Beach, Vincent Woodrow. 1st. Boulder, Colorado, United States: Pruett Publishing Company. 1977: 158.
- Hudson, Nora Eileen. . Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 1936: 196.
- Boisnormand de Bonnechose, François Paul Émile. . London, United Kingdom: Ward, Lock, and Co. 1882: 460.
Fitzpatrick, Brian. Cambridge University Press , 编. . 2002: 49. ISBN 9780521522304.
Ultraroyalist. Dictionary of Politics and Government, 2004, p. 250.
"Ultra" （页面存档备份，存于）. Encyclopaedia Britannica. "The ultras represented the interests of the large landowners, the aristocracy, clericalists, and former émigrés. They were opposed to the egalitarian and secularizing principles of the Revolution, but they did not aim at restoring the ancien régime; rather, they were concerned with manipulating France’s new constitutional machinery in order to regain the assured political and social predominance of the interests they represented".

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[1] De Bertier, Ferdinand; De Bertier de Sauvigny, Guillaume. Editions Tallandier , 编. . 1993. ISBN 9782235021197.

[2] De Waresquiel, Emmanuel. Fayard , 编. . 2005. ISBN 9782213659480.

[3] 1. 1829: 74.

[4] Treuttel et Würtz (编). 22. 1844: 364.

[5] Bailleul, Jacques-Charles. . 1819: 261.

[6] Le Normant (编). 1. 1818: 348.

[7] Reboul, Pierre. Presses Univ. Septentrion , 编. . 1973: 288.

[8] Jean-Jacques Oechslin. . Librairie générale de droit et de jurispurudence, R. Pichon & R. Durand-Auzias. 1960: 209.
Pierre Triomphe, Pierre Triomphe. . Parlement[s], Revue d'histoire politique 2013/3 (n° HS 9). 2013: 35–47 [2022-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.
Bertrand Goujon. II Le Seuil. Paris. 2012. ISBN 9782021094459.

[9] Jean-Jacques Oechslin. . Librairie générale de droit et de jurispurudence, R. Pichon & R. Durand-Auzias. 1960: 209.

[10] Pierre Triomphe, Pierre Triomphe. . Parlement[s], Revue d'histoire politique 2013/3 (n° HS 9). 2013: 35–47 [2022-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.

[11] Bertrand Goujon. II Le Seuil. Paris. 2012. ISBN 9782021094459.

[9] Beach, Vincent Woodrow. 1st. Boulder, Colorado, United States: Pruett Publishing Company. 1977: 158.
Hudson, Nora Eileen. . Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 1936: 196.
Boisnormand de Bonnechose, François Paul Émile. . London, United Kingdom: Ward, Lock, and Co. 1882: 460.

[13] Beach, Vincent Woodrow. 1st. Boulder, Colorado, United States: Pruett Publishing Company. 1977: 158.

[14] Hudson, Nora Eileen. . Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 1936: 196.

[15] Boisnormand de Bonnechose, François Paul Émile. . London, United Kingdom: Ward, Lock, and Co. 1882: 460.

[10] Fitzpatrick, Brian. Cambridge University Press , 编. . 2002: 49. ISBN 9780521522304.

[11] Ultraroyalist. Dictionary of Politics and Government, 2004, p. 250.

[12] "Ultra" （页面存档备份，存于）. Encyclopaedia Britannica. "The ultras represented the interests of the large landowners, the aristocracy, clericalists, and former émigrés. They were opposed to the egalitarian and secularizing principles of the Revolution, but they did not aim at restoring the ancien régime; rather, they were concerned with manipulating France’s new constitutional machinery in order to regain the assured political and social predominance of the interests they represented".