水磨
水磨（英語：）是水力驱动的磨。这种结构使用水車或水轮机来驱动研磨、滚动或槌打等机械过程，可用来生产穀粉、木材、纸、布、金属产品等。装有水磨的工厂称为水磨坊，这包括了麵粉廠、鋸木廠、造纸厂、纺织厂、 锤磨厂、跳锤厂、轧制厂、拉丝厂等。祖冲之曾经设计制造过利用水力舂米、磨面的水碓磨。
比利时布赖恩勒沙托12世纪的水磨
英国莱姆里杰斯水磨坊的内部（14世纪）
王祯农书卷十九水磨插图
参见
伸延閱讀
- Burns, Robert I., , Lindgren, Uta (编), 4th, Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag: 413–422, 1996, ISBN 3-7861-1748-9
- de Crespigny, Rafe, , Leiden: Koninklijke Brill, 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0
- Donners, K.; Waelkens, M.; Deckers, J., , Anatolian Studies 52, 2002, 52: 1–17, JSTOR 3643076, S2CID 163811541, doi:10.2307/3643076
- Gauldie, Enid (1981). The Scottish Miller 1700 - 1900. Pub. John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-067-7.
- Gimpel, Jean,
, London: Penguin (Non-Classics), 1977, ISBN 978-0-14-004514-7 - Holt, Richard, , Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1988, ISBN 978-0-631-15692-5
- Langdon, John, , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-19-926558-5
- Lewis, M. J., Millstone and Hammer: the origins of water power, University of Hull Press 1997. ISBN 0-85958-657-X.
- McErlean, Thomas; Crothers, Norman, , Belfast: Stationery Office Books, 2007, ISBN 978-0-337-08877-3
- Munro, John H., , Economia ed Energia, Seccoli XIII - XVIII, Atti delle 'Settimane di Studi' e Altrie Convegni, Istituto Internazionale di Storia Economica 34 (1) (F. Datini), 2003, 34 (1): 223–269
- Murphy, Donald, (PDF), Estuarine/ Alluvial Archaeology in Ireland. Towards Best Practice, University College Dublin and National Roads Authority, 2005, （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-11-18）
- Needham, Joseph. (1986). Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology; Part 2, Mechanical Engineering. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd. ISBN 0-521-05803-1.
- Oleson, John Peter, , University of Toronto Press, 1984, ISBN 90-277-1693-5
- Oleson, John Peter, , Wikander, Örjan (编), , Technology and Change in History 2, Leiden: Brill: 217–302, 2000, ISBN 90-04-11123-9
- Pacey, Arnold, Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-year History, The MIT Press; Reprint edition (July 1, 1991). ISBN 0-262-66072-5.
- Reynolds, Terry S. Stronger Than a Hundred Men: A History of the Vertical Water Wheel. (Johns Hopkins University Press 1983). ISBN 0-8018-7248-0.
- Ritti, Tullia; Grewe, Klaus; Kessener, Paul, , Journal of Roman Archaeology 20, 2007, 20: 138–163
- Rynne, Colin, , Squatriti, Paolo (编), , Technology and Change in History 3, Leiden: Brill: 1–50, 2000, ISBN 90-04-10680-4
- Spain, Rob: "A possible Roman Tide Mill" （页面存档备份，存于）, Paper submitted to the Kent Archaeological Society
- Wikander, Örjan, , History of Technology 10, 1985, 10: 151–179
- Wikander, Örjan, , Wikander, Örjan (编), , Technology and Change in History 2, Leiden: Brill: 371–400, 2000, ISBN 90-04-11123-9
- Wilson, Andrew, , Journal of Roman Archaeology 8, 1995, 8: 499–510
- Wilson, Andrew, , The Journal of Roman Studies 92 (The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 92), 2002, 92: 1–32, JSTOR 3184857, S2CID 154629776, doi:10.2307/3184857
外部連結
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维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：水磨 |
- Mill database with over 10000 European mills （页面存档备份，存于）
- The International Molinological Society (TIMS) （页面存档备份，存于）
- The Society for the Preservation of Old Mills (SPOOM) （页面存档备份，存于）
- U.S. mill pictures and information （页面存档备份，存于）
- Watermills in Norfolk, England （页面存档备份，存于）
- Mills in Hampshire, England （页面存档备份，存于）
- Windmills and watermills of the East Grinstead area 的存檔，存档日期2016-12-27.
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