熊果屬

熊果屬学名Arctostaphylos/ˌɑːrktˈstæfɪləs, -lɒs/;[1][2]arkto 熊 + staphyle 葡萄)是杜鹃花科下的一个属,为灌木或小種樹植物。

熊果属
Whiteleaf Manzanita (Arctostaphylos viscida)
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 菊类植物 Asterids
目: 杜鹃花目 Ericales
科: 杜鹃花科 Ericaceae
属: 熊果属 Arctostaphylos
Adans.

約60種,詳見內文

熊果屬包括約60個品種,從緊貼地面的北極圈,到海岸、山上不等,皆為其生活圈子。熊果屬一般不高,不會超過六公尺高,而且皆為常綠植物

物種

According to Philip V. Wells in The Jepson Manual and other sources, there are two subgenera of Arctostaphylos:

  • Subgenus Micrococcus
    • Sect. Micrococcus
      • Arctostaphylos mendocinoensis Pygmy Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos myrtifolia Ione Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos nissenana Nissenan Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos nummularia Glossyleaf Manzanita
  • Subgenus Arctostaphylos, which has 3 sections:
    • Sect. Arctostaphylos
      • Arctostaphylos alpina Alpine Bearberry
      • Arctostaphylos bakeri Baker's Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos densiflora Sonoma Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos edmundsii Little Sur Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos franciscana Franciscan Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos gabrielensis San Gabriel Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos glauca Bigberry Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos hispidula Gasquet Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos hookeri Hooker's Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos insularis Island Manzanita
        Common Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
      • Arctostaphylos klamathensis Klamath Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos manzanita Common Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos mewukka Indian Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos nevadensis Pinemat Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos parryana Parry Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos patula Greenleaf Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos pumila Sandmat Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos pungens Pointleaf Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos rudis Shagbark Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos stanfordiana Stanford's Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry
      • Arctostaphylos viscida Sticky Manzanita
    • Sect. Foliobracteata
      A manzanita (Arctostaphylos sp.)
      • Arctostaphylos andersonii Santa Cruz Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos auriculata Mount Diablo Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos canescens Hoary Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos catalinae Santa Catalina Island Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos columbiana Hairy Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos confertiflora Santa Rosa Island Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos cruzensis La Cruz Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastwood Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos glutinosa Schreiber's Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos hooveri Hoover's Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos imbricata San Bruno Mountain Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos luciana Santa Lucia Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos malloryi Mallory's Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos montaraensis Montara Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos montereyensis Monterey Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos morroensis Morro Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos nortensis Del Norte Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos obispoensis Serpentine Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos osoensis Oso Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos otayensis Otay Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos pajaroensis Pajaro Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos pallida Pallid Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos pechoensis Pecho Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos pilosula La Panzo Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos purissima La Purissima Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos refugioensis Refugio Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos regismontana Kings Mountain Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos silvicola Bonny Doon Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos tomentosa Woolyleaf Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos virgata Bolinas Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos viridissima Whitehair Manzanita
      • Arctostaphylos wellsii Wells' Manzanita
    • Sect. Pictobracteata
      • Arctostaphylos pringlei Pringle Manzanita
  • Unassigned
    • Arctostaphylos rainbowensis Rainbow Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos gabilanensis Gabilan Manzanita
    • Arctostaphylos ohloneana Ohlone Manzanita
Synonyms
  • Arctostaphylos bicolor is generally considered Xylococcus bicolor
  • Arctostaphylos crustacea is generally considered Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. crustacea

See also the closely related genus Comarostaphylis, previously often included in Arctostaphylos.

種植

由於熊果屬植物很容易受到由真菌引起的疾病影響,本屬植物的種植比較困難,通常都只能在多鹽及鹼土上才比較可行。在天氣炎熱時,應避免把水從頭直接淋灑。

参考文献

  • James C. Hickman. 1993. The Jepson Manual: higher plants of California, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California. ISBN 0-520-082559.
  • C. Michael Hogan. 2012. Arctostaphylos 页面存档备份,存于. Eds. M.McGinley and C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment.
  • Treatment from the Jepson Manual 页面存档备份,存于
  • Philip V. Wells. 2000. Manzanitas of California, Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, Kansas. ISBN 0-933994-22-2.
  • Philip V. Wells. 1992. Subgenera and sections of Arctostaphylos. The Four Seasons 9: 64-69.
  1. . Merriam-Webster Dictionary. [2016-01-21].
  2. Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
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