玄武玻璃

玄武玻璃英語:)是一種玄武質火山玻璃。是經由快速冷卻玄武岩熔融形成的。它是一種鎂鐵質火成岩,可被酸分解,易熔。顏色為黑色或深棕色,具有油膩的樹脂光澤。它非常脆,在岩墻、岩脈和侵入火山岩石中常見。這個詞起源於古希臘語,意思是“迅速” [1]

玄武玻璃

玄武玻璃具有瀝青的外觀,有時呈水泡狀,或球狀。它們非常脆,很容易被錘子敲碎。用肉眼可看到其中長石或橄欖石的小晶體。所有的玄武玻璃都容易被風化,所含鐵氧化變成深棕色或紅色。玄武玻璃具有三種產狀,火山渣,岩漿流[2][3]和岩墻及岩脈產狀[1] 都是在快速冷卻的條件下形成的,但它們比酸性火山玻璃(或黑曜石)少得多,原因是基性岩漿更具液體性,分子有更大的自由度來排列形成晶體[1]

參考文獻

  1. Flett, John S. (1911). "Tachylytes". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 344–345
  2. KILAUEA VOLCANO (MT. KILAUEA), James St. John, OSU-Newark, Geology Unusual Newer Volcanics trachyandesite cones in the Gisborne-Woodend and Kyneton-Trentham areas'
  3. Clark, V. 2004. Calder Highway Kyneton to Faraday: Sub-surface Archaeological Investigations for Aboriginal Cultural Heritage in Sensitive Areas PAS1, SA1, SA4 and at Site AAV7723-0125, Near Malmsbury, Victoria. Report to VicRoads
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