生物指標
生物指標(Bioindicator)又稱指標物種或指示物種(indicator species),指族群狀態可反映其栖息地環境品質的物種。研究人員利用生物指標進行生物監測[2][3],即藉由觀察指標種的族群變化,推得環境受污染的情形。生物指標可反映污染持續時間對生物的間接影響等藉由物理或化學方法無法獲知的額外資訊[4]。研究人員不需觀測環境中的所有生物,透過觀察單一指標物種即可偵測整體環境的變化情形[5]。
有些指標物種僅適用於特定的環境,在不同環境或地理區域的準確度會下降[6]。
案例
細小裸藻[7][8]、雙核草履蟲[9]、苔蘚、地衣、石蛾、蛙與蟾蜍[10][11]、螯蝦[12]等生物均可作為環境的生物指標,檢測環境中的二氧化硫、氮氧化物、殺蟲劑、重金屬或其他化學毒素等污染物。
參見
- 生物完整性
- BMWP指数
- 生命印迹
- 生態指標
- 環境指標
- 生態指標值
- MERMOZ計畫
- 前哨物種
參考文獻
- Barbour, M.T.; Gerritsen, J.; Stribling, J.B. (报告). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1999 [2021-12-12]. EPA 841-B-99-002. (原始内容存档于2021-12-12).
- NCSU Water Quality Group. . WATERSHEDSS: A Decision Support System for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University. [2016-07-31]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-23).
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water and Office of Research and Development. (PDF). Washington D.C. March 2016 [2021-12-12]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-07-02).
- Karr, James R. . Fisheries. 1981, 6 (6): 21–27. ISSN 1548-8446. doi:10.1577/1548-8446(1981)006<0021:AOBIUF>2.0.CO;2.
- . Science Learning Hub. The University of Waikato, New Zealand. 2015-02-10 [2021-12-12]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-12).
- Monteagudo, Laura; Moreno, José Luis. . Ecological Indicators. 2016-08-01, 67: 693–702. ISSN 1470-160X. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.035.
- Azizullah, Azizullah; Murad, Waheed; Muhammad, Adnan; Waheed, Ullah; Häder, Donat-Peter. . Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2013, 1 (4): 1–4. doi:10.3389/fenvs.2013.00004 .
- Tahedl, Harald; Donat-Peter, Haeder. . Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2001, 48 (2): 161–169. PMID 11161690. doi:10.1006/eesa.2000.2004.
- Hemmersbach, Ruth; Simon, Anja; Waßer, Kai; Hauslage, Jens; Christianen, Peter C.M.; Albers, Peter W.; Lebert, Michael; Richter, Peter; Alt, Wolfgang; Anken, Ralf. . Astrobiology. 2014, 14 (3): 205–215. Bibcode:2014AsBio..14..205H. PMC 3952527 . PMID 24621307. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1085.
- Simon, E., Braun, M. & Tóthmérész, B. . Water Air Soil Pollut. 2010, 209: 467. doi:10.1007/s11270-009-0214-6.
- Lambert, M. R. K. . Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 1997-01-01, 32 (1): 80–93. PMID 9002438. S2CID 24315472. doi:10.1007/s002449900158.
- Füreder, L.; Reynolds, J. D. . Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture. 2003, (370–371): 157–163 [2021-12-12]. ISSN 0767-2861. doi:10.1051/kmae:2003011 . (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
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