盖层

盖层英語:)是指位于石油储层之上能够封隔油气向上逸散的保护层。盖层的好坏直接影响石油储层中的聚集和保存[1]。常见的盖层有泥岩页岩、蒸发岩(石膏、盐岩)和質密灰岩。盖层之所以能封盖油层,是因为盖层具有较低滲透率和高的排替压力(英語:[2]。盖层空隙中多含水,油气要通过其运移,必须首先排替其中的水;如果驱使石油运移的浮力未达到进入盖层所需的排替压力值,则石油就被封闭于盖层之下,即所谓的毛细管封闭(英語:[3]

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參考文獻

  1. Talal M. Al Bazali;Jianguo Zhang; Martin E. Chenevert;Mukul Mani Sharma(2005). Measurement of the Sealing Capacity of Shale Caprocks.Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, October 2005.Paper Number: SPE-96100-MShttps://doi.org/10.2118/96100-MS
  2. P.F.Boulin P.Bretonnier V.Vassil A.Samouillet M.Fleury J.M.Lombard(2013). Sealing efficiency of caprocks: Experimental investigation of entry pressure measurement methods.Marine and Petroleum Geology Volume 48
  3. N.Shojai Kaveh A.Barnhoorn K.H.Wolf(2016)Wettability evaluation of silty shale caprocks for CO2 storage.International Journal of Greenhouse Gas ControlVolume 49
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