矛頭蝮

矛頭蝮長75–125釐米。矛頭蝮的背上環斑可融入雨林的落葉地表，幫助牠們長時間等候獵物。矛頭蝮受干擾時會像響尾蛇一樣舉起尾巴發聲警告入侵者(尾部無響環)。矛頭蝮會受人類住宅區的老鼠吸引而來到人類的住所，容易咬傷人類。矛頭蝮的毒液會瓦解傷口周遭的組織，毒液還會隨著血液蔓延破壞血液組織，最後導致心臟及腎臟衰竭。

矛頭蝮
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： Reptilia
目： 有鳞目 Squamata
亚目： 蛇亚目 Serpentes
科： 蝰科 Viperidae
属： 矛头蝮属 Bothrops
种：
矛頭蝮 B. atrox
二名法
Bothrops atrox
(Linnaeus, 1758)
異名
  • Coluber atrox Linnaeus, 1758
  • [Coluber] ambiguus Gmelin, 1788
  • Vipera Weigeli Daudin, 1803
  • Cophias holocericeus
    Wied-Neuwied, 1821
  • Trigonoceph[alus]. atrox
    – Schinz, 1822
  • Vipera atrox Weigelii – Schinz, 1822
  • Trigonoceph[alus]. holocericeus
    – Schinz, 1822
  • Bothrops furia Wagler, 1824
  • Bothrops tessellatus Wagler, 1824
  • Craspedocephalus atrox
    – Fitzinger, 1826
  • Craspedocephalus Weigelii
    – Fitzinger, 1826
  • [Bothrops] atrox – Wagler, 1830
  • [Bothrops] ambiguus – Wagler, 1830
  • T[rigonocephalus]. atrox
    – Schlegel, 1837
  • Trigonocephalus Colombiensis Hallowell, 1845
  • Bothrops affinis Gray, 1849
  • Bothrops atrox var. tessellatus
    – Jan & Sordelli, 1875
  • Lachesis atrox – Boulenger, 1896
  • Botrhops atrox – Recinos, 1913
  • B[othrops]. Neuvoiedii Venezuelenzi Briceño Rossi, 1934
  • Trimeresurus atrox
    – Schmidt & Walker, 1943
  • Bothrops atrox atrox – Hoge, 1952
  • Bothrops colombiensis – Hoge, 1966
  • Bothrops atrox colombiensis
    – Gubensk, Turk & Drujan, 1978
  • Bothrops isabelae
    Sandner-Montilla, 1979
  • Bothrops lanceolatus aidae
    Sandner-Montilla, 1981
  • B[othrops]. atrox aidae
    – Vanzolini, 1986
  • Bothrops lanceolatus nacaritae Sandner-Montilla, 1990[1]

參考文獻
  1. McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
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