矽的同位素
矽（原子量：28.0855(3)）共有23個已知同位素，質量數介於22-44之間，其中有3個是穩定的，其他都具有放射性。天然存在的矽同位素有5個，分別是穩定的28Si、29Si、30Si和具放射性的31Si及32Si，31Si及32Si在自然界中僅痕量存在，為宇宙射線散裂所產生。其餘同位素都不出現在自然界中，只有在實驗室製造出來過，且半衰期都極短，非常不穩定。
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| 標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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圖表
| 符號 | Z（ p ） |
N（ n ） |
同位素質量（u） | 半衰期 | 衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物[n 1] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 （莫耳分率） |
相對豐度的變化量 （莫耳分率） |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22Si | 14 | 8 | 22.03453(22)# | 29(2) ms | β+ (68%) | 22Al | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (32%) | 21Mg | ||||||||
| 23Si | 14 | 9 | 23.02552(21)# | 42.3(4) ms | β+ | 23Al | 3/2+# | ||
| 24Si | 14 | 10 | 24.011546(21) | 140(8) ms | β+ (92%) | 24Al | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (8%) | 23Mg | ||||||||
| 25Si | 14 | 11 | 25.004106(11) | 220(3) ms | β+ (63.19%) | 25Al | 5/2+ | ||
| β+, p (36.8%) | 24Mg | ||||||||
| 26Si | 14 | 12 | 25.992330(3) | 2.234(13) s | β+ | 26Al | 0+ | ||
| 27Si | 14 | 13 | 26.98670491(16) | 4.16(2) s | β+ | 27Al | 5/2+ | ||
| 28Si | 14 | 14 | 27.9769265325(19) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.92223(19) | 0.92205–0.92241 | ||
| 29Si | 14 | 15 | 28.976494700(22) | 穩定 | 1/2+ | 0.04685(8) | 0.04678–0.04692 | ||
| 30Si | 14 | 16 | 29.97377017(3) | 穩定 | 0+ | 0.03092(11) | 0.03082–0.03102 | ||
| 31Si | 14 | 17 | 30.97536323(4) | 157.3(3) min | β− | 31P | 3/2+ | ||
| 32Si | 14 | 18 | 31.97414808(5) | 153(19) y | β− | 32P | 0+ | 痕量或天然放射性 | 宇宙成因 |
| 33Si | 14 | 19 | 32.978000(17) | 6.18(18) s | β− | 33P | (3/2+) | ||
| 34Si | 14 | 20 | 33.978576(15) | 2.77(20) s | β− | 34P | 0+ | ||
| 35Si | 14 | 21 | 34.98458(4) | 780(120) ms | β− (94.74%) | 35P | 7/2−# | ||
| β−, n (5.26%) | 34P | ||||||||
| 36Si | 14 | 22 | 35.98660(13) | 0.45(6) s | β− (88%) | 36P | 0+ | ||
| β−, n (12%) | 35P | ||||||||
| 37Si | 14 | 23 | 36.99294(18) | 90(60) ms | β− (83%) | 37P | (7/2−)# | ||
| β−, n (17%) | 36P | ||||||||
| 38Si | 14 | 24 | 37.99563(15) | 90# ms [>1 µs] | β−, n | 37P | 0+ | ||
| β− | 38P | ||||||||
| 39Si | 14 | 25 | 39.00207(36) | 47.5(20) ms | β− | 39P | 7/2−# | ||
| 40Si | 14 | 26 | 40.00587(60) | 33.0(10) ms | β− | 40P | 0+ | ||
| 41Si | 14 | 27 | 41.01456(198) | 20.0(25) ms | β− | 41P | 7/2−# | ||
| 42Si | 14 | 28 | 42.01979(54)# | 13(4) ms | β− | 42P | 0+ | ||
| 43Si | 14 | 29 | 43.02866(75)# | 15# ms [>260 ns] | 3/2−# | ||||
| 44Si | 14 | 30 | 44.03526(86)# | 10# ms | 0+ | ||||
備註：畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明，只是理論推測而已，而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
| ← | 同位素列表 | → |
| 鋁的同位素 | 矽的同位素 | 磷的同位素 |
註釋
- 稳定同位素以粗体显示
參考文獻
- Meija, Juris; et al. . Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
-
. Nucleonica. [2014-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于）.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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