社會異化

社會異化英語:)是「在個體間或個體與社群或工作環境間,低程度的社會關係共同價值以及高程度的距離感和社會孤立所反映出的社會關係狀態」。[1]社會學概念是由數名古典和當代的理論家發展而來[2],並受到多方面的學術引用,可以參照一人的心理狀態(主觀地)或一類社會關係(客觀地)。

參考

  1. Ankony, Robert C., "The Impact of Perceived Alienation on Police Officers' Sense of Mastery and Subsequent Motivation for Proactive Enforcement", Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, vol. 22, no. 2 (1999): 120–32. 页面存档备份,存于
  2. Esp., Emile Durkheim, 1951, 1984; Erich Fromm, 1941, 1955; Karl Marx, 1846, 1867; Georg Simmel, 1950, 1971; Melvin Seeman, 1959; Kalekin-Fishman, 1998, and Robert Ankony, 1999.
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