科学建模
科學建模是一種藉由已被廣泛接受的科學以幫助我們了解、定義、量化、視覺化與仿真的科學活動。依據不同需求,在真實世界中萃取相關要素以建立適合的科學模型,像是藉由概念模型以幫助我們了解現象,操作模型以給出操作型定義,數學模型以幫助量化,並且用圖象模型去視覺化抽象概念。
![](../I/Atmosphere_composition_diagram-en.svg.png.webp)
科学建模的例子。 A schematic of chemical and transport processes related to atmospheric composition.
建模是許多科學領域中的非常重要且不可分割的一部份,並且每種科學領域都有其特定的科學模型[1][2]。以約翰·馮·諾伊曼所說過的一段話為例[3]:
... 科學本身從來都不曾試圖去解釋自然現象,甚至是連詮釋自然現象的企圖都不曾有過,反而僅僅是建立模型。所謂的模型,就是——在數學意義上——去建構觀察到的自然現象之間的數學關係。而此模型令人信服的唯一理由,就僅僅是因為它確實有用——能夠描述足夠廣泛的自然現象。
科學建模已逐漸在受重視[4],例如在科學教育[5]、科學哲學、系統理論與視覺化 (電腦圖學)。科學建模也有其相關的科學方法、技術與形上學等議題。
參考文獻
- Cartwright, Nancy. 1983. How the Laws of Physics Lie (页面存档备份,存于). Oxford University Press
- Hacking, Ian. 1983. Representing and Intervening. Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Science. Cambridge University Press
- von Neumann, J. (1995), "Method in the physical sciences", in Bródy F., Vámos, T. (editors), The Neumann Compendium, World Scientific, p. 628; previously published in The Unity of Knowledge, edited by L. Leary (1955), pp. 157-164, and also in John von Neumann Collected Works, edited by A. Taub, Volume VI, pp. 491-498.
- Frigg and Hartmann (2009) state: "Philosophers are acknowledging the importance of models with increasing attention and are probing the assorted roles that models play in scientific practice". Source: Frigg, Roman and Hartmann, Stephan, "Models in Science", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), (source (页面存档备份,存于))
- Namdar, Bahadir; Shen, Ji. . International Journal of Science Education. 2015-02-18, 37 (7): 993–1023. ISSN 0950-0693. doi:10.1080/09500693.2015.1012185.
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