科澤科德扎莫林
科澤科德扎莫林是一個由印度教教徒奈爾階級建立的世襲王室，該王國中世紀時統治著馬拉巴爾海岸（今印度喀拉拉邦）。卡利卡特扎莫林從12世紀至18世紀統治長達近600年，將首都設在印度南部重要的貿易城市科澤科德[1]。
| 科澤科德扎莫林 കോഴിക്കോട് സാമൂതിരി | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12世纪—1806年 | |||||||||
 1572年，喬治布勞恩筆下的科澤科德。 | |||||||||
| 地位 | 王國 | ||||||||
| 首都 | 科澤科德 | ||||||||
| 常用语言 | 馬拉雅拉姆文, 梵文 | ||||||||
| 宗教 | 印度教 | ||||||||
| 政府 | 封建君主制 | ||||||||
| 科澤科德的扎莫林 | |||||||||
| 历史时期 | 中世紀 | ||||||||
• 後哲羅王朝滅亡 | 12世纪 | ||||||||
• 被英屬東印度公司吞併 | 1806年 | ||||||||
| 货币 | 科澤科德法納姆 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
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詞源
扎莫林這個名字最早出現在伊本·巴圖塔1342年的著作中。
參考資料
- "Zamorin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 6 May. 2012<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/655668/Zamorin （页面存档备份，存于）>
延伸阅读
- H. A. R. Gibb, Ed., Ibn Battuta- Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354, New Delhi, Reprint 1986,
- M. L. Dames, Ed., The Book of Duarte Barbosa, Vol. II, (1812), New Delhi, Reprint 1989,
- Lieut. M. J. Rawlandson, Ed. & Trans., Tohfut ul Mujahideen, London, 1833
- Hermann Gundert, Ed., Keralotpatti, in Scaria Zacharia, Ed., Keralotpattiyum Mattum, Kottayam, 1992.
- Albert Gray, Ed., The Voyage of Francois Pyrard of Laval, Vol. I, (1887), New Delhi, Reprint 2000
- William Logan, Malabar, Vol. I, (1887), Madras, Reprint 1951
- Kesavan Veluthat, ‘Logan’s Malabar: Text and Context’ in William Logan, Malabar, Vol. I, (1887), Thiruvananthapuram, 2000
- K. M. Panikkar, A History of Kerala (1498-1801), Annamalainagar, 1960.
- P. K. S. Raja, Medieval Kerala, (1953), Calicut, 1966.
- A. Sreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History, (1967), Madras, 1991
- N. M. Nampoothiri, Samutiri Caritrattile Kanappurangal, Sukapuram, 1987
- M. G. S. Narayanan, Perumals of Kerala, Calicut. 1996.
- S.F. Dale, The Mappilas of Malabar 1498-1922: Islamic Society on the South Asian Frontier, Oxford, 1980
- Kesavan Veluthat, Brahman Settlements in Kerala: Historical Studies, Calicut, 1978.
- Genevieve Bouchon, Regent of the Sea: Cannanore's Response to Portuguese Expansion, 1507-1528, Delhi, 1988.
- Rajan Gurukkal & Raghava Varier, Eds., Cultural History of Kerala, Vol. I, Thiruvananthapuram, 1999.
- K. V. Krishna Iyer, Zamorins of Calicut: From the Earliest Times to A D 1806. Calicut: Norman Printing Bureau, 1938.
- M. G. S. Narayanan, Calicut: The City of Truth Revisited Kerala. University of Calicut, 2006
- M. G. S. Narayanan, Perumals of Kerala: Brahmin Oligarchy and Ritual Monarchy—Political and Social Conditions of Kerala Under the Cera Perumals of Makotai (c. AD 800–AD 1124). Kerala. Calicut University Press, 1996, pp 512.
- Schwartz, Stuart. Implicit Understandings, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 665 pp, 1994, 302. ISBN 0-521-45880-3
- Hamilton, Alex. A New Account of the East Indies, Pinkerton's Voyages and Travels, viii. 374
- Hart, Henry H. The Sea Road to the Indies. New York:MacMillan Company, 1950.
- Danvers, Frederick Charles. The Portuguese in India. New York:Octagon Books, 1966.
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