絲葦

絲葦學名),又稱毛絲葦垂枝綠珊瑚巴絲柳,是一種附生性的仙人掌,原產於中美洲南美洲加勒比地區佛羅里達州。另外也能於熱帶非洲斯里蘭卡發現,在僧伽羅語中被稱為 ()[2]。它們是目前唯一能在美洲外能發現的仙人掌原生種。其中一個假說認為絲葦是透過候鳥將種子散播至舊大陸,最早甚至被舊大陸的人們視為是亞種[3];另一個假說則認為絲葦的種子是由往返於南美洲與非洲之間橫跨大西洋的貿易船隻所夾帶,再藉由鳥類擴散其分布範圍[4]

絲葦
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目: 石竹目 Caryophyllales
科: 仙人掌科 Cactaceae
属: 丝苇属 Rhipsalis
种:
絲葦 R. baccifera
二名法
Rhipsalis baccifera
(J.S.Muell.) Stearn
異名
  • Cactus caripensis Kunth
  • Cactus cassythoides Moc. & Sessé ex DC.
  • Cactus fasciculatus Willd.
  • Cactus pendulus Sw.
  • Cactus quadrangularis Haw.
  • Cassytha baccifera J.S.Muell.
  • Cassytha filiformis Mill.
  • Cassytha polysperma Aiton ex Gaertn.
  • Cereus bacciferus (J.S.Muell.) Hemsl.
  • Cereus caripensis (Kunth) DC.
  • Cereus parasiticus Haw. ex Steud.
  • Cereus quadrangularis Pfeiff.
  • Hariota cassytha Cels ex C.F.Först.
  • Hariota cassytha Lem.
  • Hariota parasitica Kuntze
  • Hatiora fasciculata (Willd.) Kuntze
  • Rhipsalis bartlettii Clover
  • Rhipsalis bermejensis F. Ritter
  • Rhipsalis caripensis (Kunth) F.A.C. Weber
  • Rhipsalis cassytha Gaertn.
  • Rhipsalis cassythoides (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Don
  • Rhipsalis comorensis F.A.C.Weber
  • Rhipsalis coralloides Rauh
  • Rhipsalis delphinensis Barthlott
  • Rhipsalis fasciculata (Willd.) Haw.
  • Rhipsalis heptagona Rauh & Backeb.
  • Rhipsalis madagascariensis Weber ex Weber
  • Rhipsalis madagascariensis var. dasycerca F.A.C.Weber
  • Rhipsalis mauritiana (DC.) Barthlott
  • Rhipsalis mauritiana var. ellipticarpa Barthlott
  • Rhipsalis minutiflora K. Schum.
  • Rhipsalis parasitica (Lam.) Haw.
  • Rhipsalis parasiticus Haw.
  • Rhipsalis pendulina A. Berger
  • Rhipsalis pilosa F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.
  • Rhipsalis prismatica (Lem.) Rumpler
  • Rhipsalis saxicola Rauh
  • Rhipsalis suareziana F.A.C.Weber
  • Rhipsalis tetragona F.A.C.Weber

分類學

本種具有明顯的多態性並可憑此成作多個亞種中部美洲的個體多半為同源多倍體,而分布於南美洲的個體則多為二倍體。直到1995年時,由威廉·巴斯洛特與奈吉爾·泰勒對絲葦屬進行相關的研究與分類後,才確立了絲葦與其他仙人掌物種的演化支序[5],絲葦目前被分類於Rhipsalideae(該演化支下還包括猿戀葦屬斑絲葦屬蟹爪蘭屬)。

圖庫

參考來源

  1. Arreola, H., Hammel, B., Hilton-Taylor, C., Ishiki, M., Loaiza, C., Nassar, J., Oakley, L., Pin, A., Taylor, N.P., Terrazas, T. & Zappi, D. 2017. Rhipsalis baccifera (amended version of 2013 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T62378A121561919. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62378A121561919.en. Downloaded on 12 June 2021.
  2. http://www.instituteofayurveda.org/plants/plants_detail.php?i=278 页面存档备份,存于 Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants of Sri Lanka
  3. Anderson 2001,第611頁.
  4. Cota-Sánchez, J. Hugo; Bomfim-Patrício, Márcia C., (PDF), Polibotanica, 2010, 29: 107–129 [2012-05-15], (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-10-06), pp. 117–118
  5. Anderson, Edward F., , Pentland, Oregon: Timber Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-88192-498-5, pp. 102, 375
  • . Rhipsalis, Lepismium, Hatiora, Schlumbergera. [2006-09-26]. (原始内容存档于2006-10-17).
  • . Desert-Tropicals.com. [2006-09-26]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-14).
  • Maxwell, Phil. . New Zealand Cactus and Succulent Journal. May 1999 [2022-02-25]. (原始内容存档于2003-09-21).

外部連結

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