自閉症光譜的共伴疾病

自閉症光譜疾患（包含亞斯伯格症候群）為起始於兒童且持續到成人時期的发展障碍。該疾患主要影響了三個與人類成長相關的重要領域：溝通、社交互動、侷限的行為/思考模式。[1] 當前已知X染色體易裂症和癫痫為與自閉症光譜疾患有關/共伴的疾病。

在醫學中的精神醫學領域，共病指的是有一個或多個次要疾病與主要疾病共伴存在甚至加成至主要症狀中。大約10–15%的自閉症光譜患者帶有根據孟德尔定律由單純一個基因所決定的疾病、染色體異常、或其他基因病症。[2] 已知ASD與數個基因病症有關[3]，可能是數個基因因素疊加後的結果。[4]

區分ASD和ASD的鑑別診斷很具有挑戰性，因為ASD常常與其他病症的症狀重疊，且ASD的特徵多元，使得傳統的診斷步驟不見得有用。[5][6]

共伴疾病

焦慮症

注意力不足過動症

發展協調障礙

性別焦虑

性别焦虑是对经历与性别认同相关的不适感的人（如跨性别者）的诊断。[7]自闭症患者更容易产生性别焦虑。[8][9][10]

结节性硬化症

廣泛性發展障礙

[11]

其他心理上的病症

恐懼症、憂鬱症和其他精神病理學的疾病也常被用來形容有ASD的人，然而這部分截至2007年，尚未有系統性回顧文獻加以證實。[12]

憂鬱症在ASD身上的表現取決於其認知功能，低認知功能的ASD孩童，若同時罹患憂鬱症，憂鬱症通常以行為問題表現；高功能自閉症兒童且同時罹患憂鬱症者，其憂鬱症表現通常較偏向典型的憂鬱症症狀。[5]

憂鬱症被認為更常發展、出現在高功能自閉症患者的青春期，這是因為他們可能已經成長到足以發現他們自己與其他人的不同之處。[13]

參見

自閉症與工作記憶的關係
發育里程碑

文獻

. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 2000.
Folstein SE, Rosen-Sheidley B. . Nat Rev Genet. 2001, 2 (12): 943–55. PMID 11733747. doi:10.1038/35103559.
Zafeiriou DI, Ververi A, Vargiami E. . Brain Dev (Review). 2007, 29 (5): 257–72. PMID 17084999. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2006.09.003.
Cuthbert, Bruce. . http://www.nimh.nih.gov/. NIMH. March 1, 2013 [May 26, 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-10）. National Institutes of Health-funded researchers discovered that people with disorders traditionally thought to be distinct – autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, major depression and schizophrenia – were more likely to have suspect genetic variation at the same four chromosomal sites. These included risk versions of two genes that regulate the flow of calcium into cells.
Johnny L. Matson; Peter Sturmey (编). . New York: Springer. 2011: 53–74.
Underwood L, McCarthy J, Tsakanikos E. . Curr Opin Psychiatry (Review). September 2010, 23 (5): 421–6. PMID 20613532. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833cfc18.
(PDF). American Psychiatric Publishing. [April 13, 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-10-13）.
. MedScape. [May 8, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-02）.
Glidden, Derek; Bouman, Walter Pierre; Jones, Bethany A.; Arcelus, Jon. . Sexual Medicine Reviews. 2016, 4 (1): 3–14 [May 8, 2016]. PMID 27872002. doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2015.10.003.
de Vries, Annelou L. C.; Noens, Ilse L. J.; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.; van Berckelaer-Onnes, Ina A.; Doreleijers, Theo A. . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2010, 40 (8): 930–936. ISSN 0162-3257. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0935-9  （英语）.
Harrison JE, Bolton, PF. . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1997, 38 (6): 603–614. PMID 9315970. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01687.x.
Matson JL, Nebel-Schwalm MS. . Res Dev Disabil. 2007, 28 (4): 341–52. PMID 16765022. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2005.12.004.
Mash EJ, Barkley RA. . New York: The Guilford Press. 2003: 409–454.

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[DSM-IV-TR_developmental_disorder-1] . Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 2000.

[Folstein_affection-2] Folstein SE, Rosen-Sheidley B. . Nat Rev Genet. 2001, 2 (12): 943–55. PMID 11733747. doi:10.1038/35103559.

[Zafeiriou_affecting-3] Zafeiriou DI, Ververi A, Vargiami E. . Brain Dev (Review). 2007, 29 (5): 257–72. PMID 17084999. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2006.09.003.

[affection-4] Cuthbert, Bruce. . http://www.nimh.nih.gov/. NIMH. March 1, 2013 [May 26, 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-10）. National Institutes of Health-funded researchers discovered that people with disorders traditionally thought to be distinct – autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, major depression and schizophrenia – were more likely to have suspect genetic variation at the same four chromosomal sites. These included risk versions of two genes that regulate the flow of calcium into cells.

[trait-5] Johnny L. Matson; Peter Sturmey (编). . New York: Springer. 2011: 53–74.

[6] Underwood L, McCarthy J, Tsakanikos E. . Curr Opin Psychiatry (Review). September 2010, 23 (5): 421–6. PMID 20613532. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833cfc18.

[DSM-5_fact_sheet-7] (PDF). American Psychiatric Publishing. [April 13, 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-10-13）.

[8] . MedScape. [May 8, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-02）.

[9] Glidden, Derek; Bouman, Walter Pierre; Jones, Bethany A.; Arcelus, Jon. . Sexual Medicine Reviews. 2016, 4 (1): 3–14 [May 8, 2016]. PMID 27872002. doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2015.10.003.

[de_VriesNoens2010-10] Vries, Annelou L. C.; Noens, Ilse L. J.; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.; van Berckelaer-Onnes, Ina A.; Doreleijers, Theo A. . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2010, 40 (8): 930–936. ISSN 0162-3257. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0935-9  （英语）.

[autism-prevalence-11] Harrison JE, Bolton, PF. . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1997, 38 (6): 603–614. PMID 9315970. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01687.x.

[12] Matson JL, Nebel-Schwalm MS. . Res Dev Disabil. 2007, 28 (4): 341–52. PMID 16765022. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2005.12.004.

[MashBarkley2003-13] Mash EJ, Barkley RA. . New York: The Guilford Press. 2003: 409–454.