蝲蛄科
蝲蛄科（學名：）也称螯虾科，是十足目下的一個科，亦是淡水龙虾三個科之中最大的一個，包含有超過400個物種[1]。属该科物种体型略似龙虾而较小，在部分地区被称为小龙虾。头胸部较长，呈长卵圆形。前三对步足都有螯，第一对特别发达。大部份分布于北美洲大分水嶺以東，少部份分布於東亞、日本等地。栖息山溪和附近河川中。是肺吸虫中间宿主，捕食时要注意，不能生食[2]。
美螯虾科 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 克氏原螯虾 | |
科学分类  | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 亚门： | 甲殼亞門 Crustacea |
| 纲： | 软甲纲 Malacostraca |
| 目： | 十足目 Decapoda |
| 亚目： | Pleocyemata |
| 下目： | 螯蝦下目 Astacidea |
| 总科： | 螯虾总科 Astacoidea |
| 科： | 螯虾科 Cambaridae Hobbs, 1942 |
| 屬 | |
根據一項2006年發表的分子研究，蝲蛄科很大可能是一個並系群，包含了雕蝦科（Astacidae）整個科，而Cambaroides的地位仍然未定[3]。
与“小龙虾”的关系
蝲蛄科包含著名的網路謠言中指的污水处理专家克氏原螯虾（小龙虾一般指它，也指包括克氏原螯虾和东北黑螯虾的所有淡水龙虾）。
下属分类
本科包括以下属：[4]
- Barbicambarus Hobbs, 1969
- Bouchardina Hobbs, 1977
- 侏儒螯蝦屬 Cambarellus Ortmann, 1905
- 拟螯虾属 Cambaroides ：原产东亚
- 鳌虾属 Cambarus Erichson, 1846，蝲蛄屬
- Creaserinus Hobbs, 1973
- Distocambarus Hobbs, 1981
- Fallicambarus Hobbs, 1969
- Fallicambarus devastator Hobbs & Whiteman, 1987
- Fallicambarus dissitus (Penn, 1955)
- Fallicambarus harpi Hobbs & Robison, 1985
- Fallicambarus houstonensis Johnson, 2008
- Fallicambarus jeanae Hobbs, 1973
- Fallicambarus kountzeae Johnson, 2008
- Fallicambarus macneesei (Black, 1967)
- Fallicambarus petilicarpus Hobbs & Robison, 1989
- Fallicambarus schusteri Taylor & Robinson, 2016[5]
- Fallicambarus strawni (Reimer, 1966)
- Fallicambarus tenuis (Hobbs, 1950)
- Fallicambarus wallsi Johnson, 2011
- Faxonella Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius Ortmann, 1905
- Faxonius acares (Fitzpatrick, 1965)
- Faxonius alabamensis (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius alluvius (Simon & McMurray, 2014)
- Faxonius barrenensis (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius bellator Bloom, McCall, Schuster & Blanton, 2019
- Faxonius bisectus (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius burri (Taylor & Sabaj, 1998)
- Faxonius carolinensis (J.E.Cooper & M.R.Cooper, 1995)
- Faxonius castaneus (Johnson, 2010)
- Faxonius causeyi (Jester, 1967)
- Faxonius chickasawae (M.R.Cooper & Hobbs, 1980)
- Faxonius compressus (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius cooperi (M.R.Cooper & Hobbs, 1980)
- Faxonius cristavarius (Taylor, 2000)
- Faxonius cyanodigitus (Johnson, 2010)
- Faxonius deanae (Reimer & Jester, 1975)
- Faxonius difficilis (Faxon, 1898)
- Faxonius durelli (R.W.Bouchard & J.W.Bouchard, 1995)
- Faxonius elix Couch & Hayes, 2022
- Faxonius erichsonianus (Faxon, 1898)
- Faxonius etnieri (R.W.Bouchard & J.W.Bouchard, 1976)
- Faxonius eupunctus (Williams, 1952)
- Faxonius forceps (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius harrisonii (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius hartfieldi (Fitzpatrick & Suttkus, 1992)
- Faxonius hathawayi (Penn, 1952)
- Faxonius hobbsi (Penn, 1950)
- Faxonius holti (M.R.Cooper & Hobbs, 1980)
- Faxonius hylas (Faxon, 1890)
- Faxonius illinoiensis (Brown, 1956)
- Faxonius immunis (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius indianensis (Hay, 1896)
- Faxonius jeffersoni (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius jonesi (Fitzpatrick, 1992)
- Faxonius juvenilis (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius kentuckiensis (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius lancifer (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius leptogonopodus (Hobbs, 1948)
- Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque, 1817)
- Faxonius longidigitus (Faxon, 1898)
- Faxonius luteus Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius macrus (Williams, 1952)
- Faxonius maletae (Walls, 1972)
- Faxonius marchandi (Hobbs, 1948)
- Faxonius margorectus (Taylor, 2002)
- Faxonius medius (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius meeki (Faxon, 1898)
- Faxonius menae Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius mirus (Ortmann, 1931)
- Faxonius mississippiensis (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius nais (Faxon, 1885)
- Faxonius nana (Williams, 1952)
- Faxonius neglectus (Faxon, 1885)
- Faxonius obscurus (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius occidentalis (Johnson, 2010)
- Faxonius ozarkae (Williams, 1952)
- Faxonius pagei (Taylor & Sabaj, 1997)
- Faxonius palmeri (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius pardalotus (Wetzel, Poly & Fetzner, 2005)
- Faxonius perfectus (Walls, 1972)
- Faxonius peruncus (Creaser, 1931)
- Faxonius placidus (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius propinquus (Girard, 1852)
- Faxonius punctimanus Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius putnami (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius quadruncus Creaser, 1933
- Faxonius quinebaugensis (Mathews & Warren, 2008)
- Faxonius rafinesquei (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius raymondi (Thoma & Stocker, 2009)
- Faxonius rhoadesi (Hobbs, 1949)
- Faxonius roberti Fetzner Jr. & Taylor, 2018[6]
- Faxonius ronaldi (Taylor, 2000)
- Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852)
- Faxonius sanbornii (Faxon, 1884)
- Faxonius saxatilis (R.W.Bouchard & J.W.Bouchard, 1976)
- Faxonius shoupi (Hobbs, 1948)
- Faxonius sloanii (Bundy, 1876)
- Faxonius spinosus (Bundy, 1877)
- Faxonius stannardi (Page, 1985)
- Faxonius stygocaneyi (Hobbs Iii, 2001)
- Faxonius taylori (Schuster, 2008)
- Faxonius texanus (Johnson, 2010)
- Faxonius theaphionensis (Simon, Timm & Morris, 2005)
- Faxonius transfuga (Fitzpatrick, 1966)
- Faxonius tricuspis (Rhoades, 1944)
- Faxonius validus (Faxon, 1914)
- Faxonius virginiensis (Hobbs, 1951)
- Faxonius virilis (Hagen, 1870)
- Faxonius wagneri Fetzner Jr. & Taylor, 2018[6]
- Faxonius williamsi (Fitzpatrick, 1966)
- Faxonius wrighti (Hobbs, 1948)
- Faxonius yanahlindus (Taylor, Rhoden & Schuster, 2016)
- Hobbseus Fitzpatrick & Payne, 1968
- 洼河龙虾属 Lacunicambarus Hobbs, 1969
- 叉肢螯虾属 Orconectes Cope, 1872
- Palaeocambarus Taylor, Schram & Shen, 1999
- Paleocambararus Taylor et al., 1999
- 原蝲蛄属 Procambarus Ortmann, 1905：含克氏原螯虾
- 洞居蝲蛄属 Troglocambarus Hobbs, 1942
- Tubericambarus Jezerinac, 1993
参考文献
- James W. Fetzner, Jr. . Crayfish Taxon Browser. Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 2005-05-09 [2013-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2013-08-27） （中文（繁體））.
- 夏征农, 罗竹风, 马飞海, 等. 辞海[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2000: 1, 2252.
- A. Braband, T. Kawai & G. Scholtz. . Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research (abstract). 2006, 44 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00338.x.
- . GBIF. [2023-05-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-11）.
- Christopher A. Taylor and Henry W. Robison. 2016. A New Burrowing Crayfish of the Genus Fallicambarus Hobbs, 1969 (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Red River Drainage of the southcentral United States. Zootaxa. 4144(4).4; 575–583. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.4.7
- James W. Jr. Fetzner and Christopher A. Taylor. 2018. Two New Species of Freshwater Crayfish of the Genus Faxonius (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri. Zootaxa. 4399(4); 491–520. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.4.2
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