古突厥語)是早期突厥汗国内第三大职位,次于可汗叶护,他们是阿史那氏的王子。他们多数是分封到異姓突厥为头人。与特勤不同如血统有怀疑則不能出任,设以統兵为主。有莫賀設步利設

这个头衔的语源借自伊朗语,比较粟特语’ġšyδ塞语šao中古波斯语šāδ波斯语šāh(来自古波斯语xšāyaθiya “王”或阿维斯塔语xšaēta “领袖”)。[1]

参考资料

  1. Golden P.B., "Turks and Iranians: An historical sketch" 页面存档备份,存于, The Turkic Languages, ed. L. Johanson, E. A. Csato, 1998, p. 5 of 22.
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