費城牛肉芝士三明治

費城牛肉芝士三明治
Cheesesteak
	費城牛肉芝士三明治
别称	Philadelphia cheesesteak, Philly cheesesteak
上菜顺序	主餐
起源地	美國
地区	費城
发明者	Pat & Harry Olivieri
上菜温度	熱食
主要成分	牛肉片、乾酪、麵包
菜品变种	多種
	759 千卡 (3178 千焦)

費城牛肉芝士三明治（英語：）是費城一帶流行的快餐[1]。將切得很薄的牛肉片加上融化的起司，夾在一種長形麵包（hoagie roll）裡做成三明治。[2][3]

費城牛肉芝士三明治

歷史

根據一本1987年費城圖書館公司（Library Company of Philadelphia）出版的展覽目錄以及費城歷史學會（Historical Society of Pennsylvania）表示，費城牛肉起士三明治發源自20世紀初期，「在一小條麵包上添加香煎牛肉、洋蔥和起司」。[4]

費城居民，帕特與哈利（Pat and Harry Olivieri）常被認為是費城牛肉起士三明治的發明者，他們在1930年早期，販售一種碎牛肉夾入義大利麵包做成的三明治。[5][6][7]但實際上仍有爭議，帕特和哈利原本經營一個熱狗攤，某天他們做了一種加碎牛肉和烤洋蔥的新款三明治。確切的故事眾說紛紜，但據其中一種說法，帕特正在吃這個三明治的時候，一個計程車司機剛好路過，而且對這個三明治很有興趣，所以也點了一份。吃過以後，計程車司機建議他們不要再賣熱狗，只賣新的三明治就好了。[6][8]於是位於費城南邊義大利市場附近的熱狗攤，就開始販賣這種牛排三明治。他們生意越來越好，帕特之後就開了名為Pat's King of Steaks的餐廳，至今仍在營業。[9]原本的三明治不含起司；店家表示：最先把波羅伏洛起司加進三明治的人是店址還在瑞吉大道（Ridge Avenue）時，一位名為Joe "Cocky Joe" Lorenza的經理。[10]

費城牛肉起士三明治無論在餐廳或小吃攤都是熱門菜色，費城市區有很多店家都是家族獨資經營的。[11][12]很多連鎖速食店會供應牛肉起士三明治。[13]高級餐廳也有各自的三明治版本。[14]許多費城外的店家在稱呼這種三明治時，會特別加上「費城」二字。[8]

參考資料

Greater Philadelphia Tourism Marketing Corporation. (PDF). 21 November 2008 [2012-09-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-12-10）.
Pham, K.; Shen, P.; Phillips, T. (2014). Food Truck Road Trip--A Cookbook: More Than 100 Recipes Collected from the Best Street Food Vendors Coast to Coast. Page Street Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62414-087-7.
Fodor's Travel Publications, I.; Jabado, S.C. (2010). Fodor's 2010 Philadelphia & the Pennsylvania Dutch Country. Fodor's Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Dutch Country. Fodor's Travel Pub. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-4000-0877-3.
Hines, Mary Anne; Marshall, Gordon; Weaver, William Woys (1987). The Larder Invaded. The Library Company of Philadelphia and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. ISBN 0-914076-70-1.
Stuhldreher, Katie. "Rick's Steaks takes Reading Terminal Market dispute to court". Philly.com. Philly Online, LLC. Archived from the original on 24 January 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
Andrew F. Smith, ed. (2007). The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Oxford University Press. p. 451. ISBN 0195307968.
Stuhldreher, Katie (30 July 2007). "Rick's Steaks takes Reading Terminal Market dispute to court". philly.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2007.
Ivory, Karen (2011). Philadelphia Icons: 50 Classic Views of the City of Brotherly Love. Globe Pequot. p. 18. ISBN 0762767650.
Epting, Chris (2009). The Birthplace Book: A Guide to Birth Sites of Famous People, Places, & Things. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0811740188.
Fiorillo, Victor (15 December 2008). "The Cheesesteak Cometh". Philadelphia Magazine. Archived from the original on 2010-07-18. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
Brookes, Karin; et al. (2005). Zoë Ross, ed. Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings (Second (Updated) ed.). APA Publications. ISBN 1-58573-026-2.
Price, Betsy (10 July 2009). "Tour de cheesesteak". The News Journal. Archived from the original on February 9, 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2009.
Hein, Kenneth (22 January 2009). "Domino's, Subway Battle Heats Up". Brandweek. Retrieved 12 July 2009.
Horowitz, Rachel (11 April 2004). "Cheesesteak raises eyebrows and drains wallets". The Daily Pennsylvanian. Retrieved 13 July 2009.

外部連結

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[1] Greater Philadelphia Tourism Marketing Corporation. (PDF). 21 November 2008 [2012-09-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-12-10）.

[2] Pham, K.; Shen, P.; Phillips, T. (2014). Food Truck Road Trip--A Cookbook: More Than 100 Recipes Collected from the Best Street Food Vendors Coast to Coast. Page Street Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62414-087-7.

[3] Fodor's Travel Publications, I.; Jabado, S.C. (2010). Fodor's 2010 Philadelphia & the Pennsylvania Dutch Country. Fodor's Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Dutch Country. Fodor's Travel Pub. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-4000-0877-3.

[4] Hines, Mary Anne; Marshall, Gordon; Weaver, William Woys (1987). The Larder Invaded. The Library Company of Philadelphia and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. ISBN 0-914076-70-1.

[5] Stuhldreher, Katie. "Rick's Steaks takes Reading Terminal Market dispute to court". Philly.com. Philly Online, LLC. Archived from the original on 24 January 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2013.

[:0-6] Andrew F. Smith, ed. (2007). The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Oxford University Press. p. 451. ISBN 0195307968.

[7] Stuhldreher, Katie (30 July 2007). "Rick's Steaks takes Reading Terminal Market dispute to court". philly.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2007.

[:1-8] Ivory, Karen (2011). Philadelphia Icons: 50 Classic Views of the City of Brotherly Love. Globe Pequot. p. 18. ISBN 0762767650.

[9] Epting, Chris (2009). The Birthplace Book: A Guide to Birth Sites of Famous People, Places, & Things. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0811740188.

[10] Fiorillo, Victor (15 December 2008). "The Cheesesteak Cometh". Philadelphia Magazine. Archived from the original on 2010-07-18. Retrieved 13 July 2009.

[11] Brookes, Karin; et al. (2005). Zoë Ross, ed. Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings (Second (Updated) ed.). APA Publications. ISBN 1-58573-026-2.

[12] Price, Betsy (10 July 2009). "Tour de cheesesteak". The News Journal. Archived from the original on February 9, 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2009.

[13] Hein, Kenneth (22 January 2009). "Domino's, Subway Battle Heats Up". Brandweek. Retrieved 12 July 2009.

[14] Horowitz, Rachel (11 April 2004). "Cheesesteak raises eyebrows and drains wallets". The Daily Pennsylvanian. Retrieved 13 July 2009.