邊界流
邊界流(英語:)是指在大陸邊緣的洋流,因此其動力受海岸線的影響。边界流可分為兩個不同的類別:西部邊界流和東部邊界流。
東部邊界流位於大洋盆地的東側(毗鄰大陸的西海岸),一般較淺、較寬而且流動緩慢。位於副熱帶的東部邊界洋流是向赤道流動的,把冷水從高緯度地區輸送到低緯度地區。本格拉洋流[1]、加那利洋流[2]、 洪堡洋流[3] 和加利福尼亞洋流(英語:)[4]等均屬于東部邊界流。在這些地區的沿岸上升流,經常把富含海鲜的深水帶入東部邊界洋流區,使其成為海產豐富區域[5][6]。
而西部邊界流则分為亞熱帶和低緯度西部邊界流兩種洋流。亞熱帶西部邊界洋流是由於大環流的西環強化(英語:)作用的,而在洋盆西側形成的溫暖、深、窄和快速流動的洋流,它們從熱帶向極地方向運送溫水。墨西哥灣流[7]、阿古拉斯洋流[8]和黑潮[9]等均屬此種西部邊界流。低緯度西部邊界流類似於亞熱帶西部邊界流,但將冷水從亞熱帶流向赤道方向。棉蘭老島洋流(英語:)[10]和巴西北部洋流(英語:)[11]等也屬于此種西部邊界流。[12][13]。
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