鋰的同位素
鋰(原子量:6.941(2))共有10個已知同位素,質量數介於4-13之間,其中有2個是穩定的,其他都具有放射性。天然存在的鋰同位素有2個,分別是6Li和7Li,皆為穩定同位素,其中以7Li占天然鋰的大部分,豐度為92.41%。其他放射性同位素都不出現在自然界中,只有在實驗室製造出來過,且半衰期都極短,非常不穩定。一般来说,盐湖锂矿所含的锂-6比例多低于海洋背景水平,茶卡盐湖的尤其低;[2]方沸石所含的锂-6含量稍高于背景值。
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圖表
| 符號 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期 | 衰變 方式[3] |
衰變 產物[n 1] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度的變化量 (莫耳分率) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 激發能量 | |||||||||
| 3 Li |
3 | 0 | 3.030775#[4] | p | 2 He |
||||
| 4 Li |
3 | 1 | 4.02719(23) | 91(9)×10−24 s [6.03 MeV] |
p | 3 He |
|||
| 5 Li |
3 | 2 | 5.01254(5) | 37(3)×10−23 s [~1.5 MeV] |
p | 4 He |
3/2− | ||
| 6 Li |
3 | 3 | 6.015122795(16) | 稳定 | 1+ | [0.019, 0.078][5] | |||
| 7 Li [n 2] |
3 | 4 | 7.01600455(8) | 穩定 | 3/2− | [0.922, 0.981][5] | |||
| 8 Li |
3 | 5 | 8.02248736(10) | 840.3(9) ms | β− | 8 Be [n 3] |
2+ | ||
| 9 Li |
3 | 6 | 9.0267895(21) | 178.3(4) ms | β−, n (50.8%) | 8 Be [n 4] |
3/2− | ||
| β− (49.2%) | 9 Be | ||||||||
| 10 Li |
3 | 7 | 10.035481(16) | 2.0(5)×10−21 s [1.2(3) MeV] |
n | 9 Li |
(1−,2−) | ||
| 10m1 Li |
200(40) keV | 3.7(15)×10−21 s | 1+ | ||||||
| 10m2 Li |
480(40) keV | 1.35(24)×10−21 s | 2+ | ||||||
| 11 Li [n 5] |
3 | 8 | 11.043798(21) | 8.75(14) ms | β−, n (84.9%) | 10 Be |
3/2− | ||
| β− (8.07%) | 11 Be | ||||||||
| β−, 2n (4.1%) | 9 Be | ||||||||
| β−, 3n (1.9%) | 8 Be [n 6] | ||||||||
| β−, α (1.0%) | 7 He , 4 He | ||||||||
| β−, SF (.014%) | 8 Li , 3 H | ||||||||
| β−, SF (.013%) | 9 Li , 2 H | ||||||||
| 12 Li |
3 | 9 | 12.05378(107)# | <10 ns | n | 11 Li |
|||
| 13 Li [6] |
3 | 10 | (13)# | ||||||
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
註釋
- 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示
- Produced in 太初核合成
- Immediately decays into two 4He atoms for a net reaction of 8Li → 24He + e−
- Immediately decays into two 4He atoms for a net reaction of 9Li → 24He + 1n + e−
- Has 2 halo neutrons
- Immediately decays into two 4He atoms for a net reaction of 11Li → 24He + 31n + e−
參考文獻
- Meija, Juris; et al. . Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- Mao-Yong He, Chong-Guang Luo, Hong-Jun Yang, Fan-Cui Kong, Yu-Long Li, Li Deng, Xi-Ying Zhang, Kai-Yuan Yang, Sources and a proposal for comprehensive exploitation of lithium brine deposits in the Qaidam Basin on the northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Evidence from Li isotopes, Ore Geology Reviews, Volume 117, 2020, 103277, ISSN 0169-1368, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103277. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136819304925)
- . Nucleonica. [2012-09-27]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- . [20 October 2013]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-03).
- . ciaaw.org. [2021-10-21]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-19).
- Brookhaven National Laboratory Interactive Table of Nuclides (页面存档备份,存于) nndc.bnl.gov [2015-9-14]
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| 氦的同位素 | 鋰的同位素 | 鈹的同位素 |
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