鍺的同位素
鍺(Ge,原子量:72.630(8))共有45個同位素,其中有4個同位素是穩定的。
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
圖表
符號 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰變 方式[3][n 2] |
衰變 產物[n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度的變化量 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | |||||||||
58Ge | 32 | 26 | 57.99101(34)# | 2p | 56Zn | 0+ | |||
59Ge | 32 | 27 | 58.98175(30)# | 2p | 57Zn | 7/2−# | |||
60Ge | 32 | 28 | 59.97019(25)# | 30# ms | β+ | 60Ga | 0+ | ||
2p | 58Zn | ||||||||
61Ge | 32 | 29 | 60.96379(32)# | 39(12) ms | β+, p (80%) | 60Zn | (3/2−)# | ||
β+ (20%) | 61Ga | ||||||||
62Ge | 32 | 30 | 61.95465(15)# | 129(35) ms | β+ | 62Ga | 0+ | ||
63Ge | 32 | 31 | 62.94964(21)# | 142(8) ms | β+ | 63Ga | (3/2−)# | ||
64Ge | 32 | 32 | 63.94165(3) | 63.7(25) s | β+ | 64Ga | 0+ | ||
65Ge | 32 | 33 | 64.93944(11) | 30.9(5) s | β+ (99.99%) | 65Ga | (3/2)− | ||
β+, p (.01%) | 64Zn | ||||||||
66Ge | 32 | 34 | 65.93384(3) | 2.26(5) h | β+ | 66Ga | 0+ | ||
67Ge | 32 | 35 | 66.932734(5) | 18.9(3) min | β+ | 67Ga | 1/2− | ||
67m1Ge | 18.20(5) keV | 13.7(9) µs | 5/2− | ||||||
67m2Ge | 751.70(6) keV | 110.9(14) ns | 9/2+ | ||||||
68Ge[n 4] | 32 | 36 | 67.928094(7) | 270.95(16) d | ε | 68Ga | 0+ | ||
69Ge | 32 | 37 | 68.9279645(14) | 39.05(10) h | β+ | 69Ga | 5/2− | ||
69m1Ge | 86.765(14) keV | 5.1(2) µs | 1/2− | ||||||
69m2Ge | 397.944(18) keV | 2.81(5) µs | 9/2+ | ||||||
70Ge | 32 | 38 | 69.9242474(11) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.2038(18) | |||
71Ge | 32 | 39 | 70.9249510(11) | 11.43(3) d | ε | 71Ga | 1/2− | ||
71mGe | 198.367(10) keV | 20.40(17) ms | IT | 71Ge | 9/2+ | ||||
72Ge | 32 | 40 | 71.9220758(18) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.2731(26) | |||
72mGe | 691.43(4) keV | 444.2(8) ns | 0+ | ||||||
73Ge | 32 | 41 | 72.9234589(18) | 稳定 | 9/2+ | 0.0776(8) | |||
73m1Ge | 13.2845(15) keV | 2.92(3) µs | 5/2+ | ||||||
73m2Ge | 66.726(9) keV | 499(11) ms | 1/2− | ||||||
74 Ge |
32 | 42 | 73.9211778(18) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.3672(15) | |||
75Ge | 32 | 43 | 74.9228589(18) | 82.78(4) min | β− | 75As | 1/2− | ||
75m1Ge | 139.69(3) keV | 47.7(5) s | IT (99.97%) | 75Ge | 7/2+ | ||||
β− | 75As | ||||||||
75m2Ge | 192.18(7) keV | 216(5) ns | 5/2+ | ||||||
76Ge[n 5] | 32 | 44 | 75.9214026(18) | 1.78(8)×1021 y | β−β− | 76Se | 0+ | 0.0783(7) | |
77Ge | 32 | 45 | 76.9235486(18) | 11.30(1) h | β− | 77As | 7/2+ | ||
77mGe | 159.70(10) keV | 52.9(6) s | β− (79%) | 77As | 1/2− | ||||
IT (21%) | 77Ge | ||||||||
78Ge | 32 | 46 | 77.922853(4) | 88(1) min | β− | 78As | 0+ | ||
79Ge | 32 | 47 | 78.9254(1) | 18.98(3) s | β− | 79As | (1/2)− | ||
79mGe | 185.95(4) keV | 39.0(10) s | β− (96%) | 79As | (7/2+)# | ||||
IT (4%) | 79Ge | ||||||||
80Ge | 32 | 48 | 79.92537(3) | 29.5(4) s | β− | 80As | 0+ | ||
81Ge | 32 | 49 | 80.92882(13) | 7.6(6) s | β− | 81As | 9/2+# | ||
81mGe | 679.13(4) keV | 7.6(6) s | β− (99%) | 81As | (1/2+) | ||||
IT (1%) | 81Ge | ||||||||
82Ge | 32 | 50 | 81.92955(26) | 4.55(5) s | β− | 82As | 0+ | ||
83Ge | 32 | 51 | 82.93462(21)# | 1.85(6) s | β− | 83As | (5/2+)# | ||
84Ge | 32 | 52 | 83.93747(32)# | 0.947(11) s | β− (89.2%) | 84As | 0+ | ||
β−, n (10.8%) | 83As | ||||||||
85Ge | 32 | 53 | 84.94303(43)# | 535(47) ms | β− (86%) | 85As | 5/2+# | ||
β−, n (14%) | 84As | ||||||||
86Ge | 32 | 54 | 85.94649(54)# | >150 ns | β−, n | 85As | 0+ | ||
β− | 86As | ||||||||
87Ge | 32 | 55 | 86.95251(54)# | 0.14# s | 5/2+# | ||||
88Ge | 32 | 56 | 87.95691(75)# | >=300 ns | 0+ | ||||
89Ge | 32 | 57 | 88.96383(97)# | >150 ns | 3/2+# |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
鎵的同位素 | 鍺的同位素 | 砷的同位素 |
註釋
- Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
- Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition - Bold for stable isotopes
- Used to generate 68Ga
- Primordial radionuclide
参考文獻
- M. Agostini; et al. . Physical Review Letters (American Physical Society (APS)). 2023-10-03, 131 (14). ISSN 0031-9007. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.131.142501.
- Meija, Juris; et al. . Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- . nucleonica. [2015-09-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.