钙铬榴石

钙铬榴石英語:[1]是一種含鉻石榴石族的物種,化學式Ca3Cr2Si3O12。1832年由Germain Henri Hess發現,以俄羅斯政治家和業餘礦物收藏家Sergei Semenovitch Uvarov(1765年-1855年)伯爵的名字命名[2]。钙铬榴石與其他含鈣的石榴石、包括钙铁榴石鈣鋁榴石等一起被歸類為鈣石榴石組[3],是石榴石組稀有的礦物之一[4]

钙铬榴石
基本資料
類別岛硅酸盐矿物
化学式Ca3Cr2Si3O12
晶体分类六八面体晶类
晶体空间群Ia3d
晶胞a = 11.99 Å; Z = 8
性質
顏色深绿色至鲜绿色
晶体惯态晶体菱形,集合体呈细粒、粗粒、致密块状
晶系立方晶系
解理无解理
断口不平坦状至贝壳状断口
莫氏硬度6.5–7.5
光澤玻璃光泽
條痕白色
透明性透明至半透明
比重3.77 - 3.81
光學性質均質
折射率n = 1.865

產狀

钙铬榴石與鈣鋁榴石鈣鐵榴石形成固溶體系列,通常產於超基性岩中,与铬铁矿共生,亦产于矽卡岩中,含有铬铁矿蛇纹岩的热液蚀变出来,也产于由白云岩石和铬铁矿反应产生的矽卡岩变质石灰岩[5][4]

伴生礦物包括铬铁矿黝帘石透辉石橄榄石白云石透闪石石英斜长石绿帘石绿泥石方解石铬铁矿辉石[6].

特性

錳鉛榴石-鈣鋁榴石系列礦物,在低壓下可在高達1410 °C的溫度保持穩定的狀態[7]

產地

錳鉛榴石分佈很廣,最重要的產地是芬蘭奧托昆普(現已關閉)的銅礦,大多數博物館標本都是從那裡收集的[8]。在 Outokumpu 地區的錳鉛榴石產於屬於富矽酸鹽相,與火山活動造成的銅-鈷-鋅硫化物礦床有關,並含異常高的鉻含量[9]

美國的錳鉛榴石主要在新墨西哥州亞利桑那州加利福尼亞州以及東部的賓夕法尼亞州的蘭開斯特縣。其他美洲產地還有古巴東部[10]

歐洲產地除了奧托昆普遺址以外,還有挪威羅羅斯,芬蘭皮特卡蘭塔,意大利瓦爾馬倫科,西班牙維納斯克,土耳其,以及俄羅斯的Biserk和Sarany[8]。 在南非德蘭士瓦的Bushveld火成岩複合體[11] 和博茨瓦納的Vumba片岩帶 [12] 都發現了钙铬榴石。 亞洲的台灣[13]日本[14]澳大利亞新南威爾士州南部的鉻鐵礦礦床)都有發現過钙铬榴石[15]

参见

參考文獻

  1. Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. Uvarovite on Mindat.org
  3. Winchell, Alexander N. (1933). "Garnet Group". Elements of Optical Mineralogy: an Introduction to Microscopic Petrography - Part II. Descriptions of Minerals (3 ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 174. hdl:2027/uc1.b3124253.
  4. Isaacs, T. (1965). "A study of uvarovite" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 35 (269): 38–45. Bibcode:1965MinM...35...38I. doi:10.1180/minmag.1965.035.269.06.
  5. Howard, W.R. (2016). "Surveys of recovered Visible Gold, scheelite & metallic mineral grains and Heavy Minerals in bulk stream silts 2013–2015 (Part I)" (PDF). BC MEMPR Assessment Report. #36076: 338–339.
  6. John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, and Monte C. Nichols, Eds., Handbook of Mineralogy[M], Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, VA 20151-1110, USA. http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/ 页面存档备份,存于. 2001-2005
  7. Huckenholz, H. G.; Knittel, D. (1975). "Uvarovite: stability of uvarovite-grossularite solid solution at low pressure". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 49 (3): 211–232. Bibcode:1975CoMP...49..211H. doi:10.1007/bf00376589. S2CID 93153558.
  8. Cook, Robert B. (1998). "Connoisseur's choice: uvarovite Outokumpu, Finland". Rocks & Minerals. 72 (2): 126–128. doi:10.1080/00357529809603048
  9. Treloar, Peter J. (1987). "The Cr-minerals of Outokumpu—their chemistry and significance". Journal of Petrology. 28 (5): 867–886. doi:10.1093/petrology/28.5.867.
  10. Proenza, Joaquin; Sole, Jesus; Melgarejo, Joan Carles (1999). "Uvarovite in podiform chromite: the Moa-Baracoa ophiolitic massif, Cuba". The Canadian Mineralogist. 37: 679–690.
  11. Frankel, J. J. (1959). "Uvarovite garnet and South African jade (hydrogrossular) from the Bushveld Complex, Transvaal". American Mineralogist. 44 (5–6): 565–591.
  12. Mogessie, A.; Rammlmair, D. (1994). "Occurrence of zoned uvarovite-grossular garnet in a rodingite from the Vumba Schist Belt, Botswana, Africa: implications for the origin of rodingites" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 58 (392): 375–386. Bibcode:1994MinM...58..375M.
  13. Wan, Hsien-Ming; Yeh, Chun-Lu (1984). "Uvarovite and grossular from the Fengtien nephrite deposits, eastern Taiwan" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 48 (346): 31–37. Bibcode:1984MinM...48...31W.
  14. Bamba, Takeo; Yagi, Kenzo; Maeda, Kenjiro (1969). "Chrome garnet from the vicinity of Nukabira Mine, Hidaka Province, Hokkaido, Japan". Proceedings of the Japan Academy. 45 (2): 109–114. doi:10.2183/pjab1945.45.109.
  15. Graham, I. T.; Franklin, B. J.; Marshall, B. (1995). "Chemistry and mineralogy of podiform chromitite deposits, southern NSW, Australia: a guide to their origin and evolution". Mineralogy and Petrology. 57 (3–4): 129–150. doi:10.1007/bf01162355. S2CID 140631372.
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