长沙人口

长沙春秋战国时期扬越楚人,楚之先民为九黎三苗,有“群蛮上承三苗之绪,下开长沙武陵之说”。之后,长沙先民与中原民族融合,形成主体民族汉族。根据2010年第六次全国人口普查的初步结果,全市常住人口704.41万人,密度596人。市区人口(含望城)361.75万人,占总人口的51.35%,密度1,867人;文盲率降为0.78%[1]。长沙主要民族为汉族,2000年第五次人口普查结果显示,长沙有少数民族人口为48,564人,占总人口的0.79%,涉及46个族别。人口过千人的少数民族有土家9个民族,人口过百人的有布依朝鲜8个民族。

人口金字塔 (2010年普查)
男性年齡女性
15,799 
85+
24,894 
32,588 
80-84
39,072 
62,532 
75-79
65,785 
95,125 
70-74
89,607 
110,242 
65-69
99,643 
170,104 
60-64
155,502 
215,886 
55-59
203,058 
201,149 
50-54
181,990 
310,429 
45-49
291,448 
351,856 
40-44
343,310 
312,147 
35-39
290,859 
254,929 
30-34
250,752 
280,035 
25-29
296,108 
448,155 
20-24
450,743 
216,798 
15-19
225,084 
153,330 
10-14
141,354 
166,745 
5-9
151,122 
181,775 
0-4
160,997 
长沙市历次普查人口数及民族构成
(按现行区划汇总数据)
普查
年份
人口总数 汉族 少数民族
汉族比重少数民族比重族别数
20006,138,7196,090,15599.2148,5640.7946
19905,490,7295,472,73499.6717,9950.3339
19824,803,5114,797,49399.876,0180.1325
19643,514,5733,511,63699.922,9370.0816
19533,296,0553,295,06699.979890.038

人口分布

2010年人口普查结果显示,全市有常住人口为7,044,118人(时间点数据),和2000年人口普查相比,10年净增905,399人;全市户籍人口为6,511,888人。按性别分,男性3,581,350人,女性3,462,768人,男女性别比由200年人口普查的107.87下降至103.42。按年龄分类,14岁以下(含14岁)人口955,887人,占总人口的13.57%;15-64岁人口5,452,222人,占77.40%;65岁以上人口(含65岁)636,009人,占9.03%。按受教育程度分类,大学(含专科)及以上文化占19.13%,高中(含中专)文化占17.64%,初中文化占34.24%,小学文化占34.24%;文盲率0.78%。

长沙市人口分布
区县 人口普查 年末户籍人口
2010年第六次 2000年第五次 2010 2000
人口 比重 密度 人口 性别构成 城乡分布 人口 比重
(%)
人口 比重
(%)
男性比重(%)女性比重(%)城镇人口比重(%)乡村人口比重(%)
长沙市7,044,1181005966,138,7193,185,55551.892,953,16448.112,743,82644.703,394,89355.306,501,2481005,831,894100
芙蓉区523,7307.4312,271390,074204,55152.44185,52347.56390,074100406,6416.25313,9875.38
天心区475,6636.756,487396,827203,50151.28193,32648.72396,827100400,5666.16356,5186.11
岳麓区801,86111.381,488409,939218,31653.26191,62346.74409,939100627,7639.66314,7065.40
开福区567,3738.053,006423,645213,18650.32210,45949.68423,645100419,8686.46376,7716.46
雨花区725,35310.306,295502,388259,75051.70242,63848.30502,388100540,5108.31392,1606.72
望城区
(望城县)
523,4897.43550686,349357,49552.09328,85447.91110,91716.16575,43283.84544,3148.37713,95312.24
长沙县979,66513.91491774,707403,93352.14370,77447.86127,75416.49646,95383.51788,56612.13735,40212.61
宁乡县1,168,05616.584011,247,218644,21351.65603,00548.3595,7667.681,151,45292.321,365,91621.011,307,80422.43
浏阳市1,278,92818.162561,307,572680,61052.05626,96247.95286,51621.911,021,05678.091,407,10421.641,320,59322.64

民族构成

长沙市历次人口普查常住人口与少数民族人口[2]
历次人口普查 总人口 其中:少数民族 少数民族
族别数[3]
普查
年份
普查
顺次
人口占总人口
比重(%)
长沙全国
2000年第五次6,138,71948,5640.7914655
1990年第四次5,490,72917,9950.3283955
1982年第三次4,803,5116,0180.1252555
1964年第二次3,514,5732,9370.0841654
1953年第一次3,296,0559890.030838

长沙以汉族人口为主,少数民族分散杂居。世居少数民族为回族开福区捞刀河镇汉回村为全市唯一少数民族回族聚集地。2000年第五次人口普查数据显示,长沙共有少数民族人口48,564人,占全省少数民族的0.76%,少数民族口数居湖南第8位;占地区人口的0.69%;中国55个少数民族中有46个民族分布。全市土家族人口18,503人,占地区总人口的0.26%,占地区少数民族人口的38.10%,为第1大少数民族。苗族人口11,140人,占地区总人口的0.16%,占地区少数民族人口的22.94%,为第2大少数民族。本地世居民族回族人口4,085人,占地区总人口的0.06%,占地区少数民族人口的8.41%,为第3大少数民族。侗族人口3,357人,占地区总人口的0.05%,占地区少数民族人口的6.91%,为第4大少数民族。人口过2千的还有3民族,分别达到2,853、2,078和2,040人,占地区少数民族人口的比重为5.87%、4.28%和4.20%;蒙古2民族人口过千人,分别达到1,192和1,048人,占地区少数民族比重为2.45%和2.16%。布依朝鲜维吾尔6民族人口过2百,畲族2民族人口过1百,仡佬纳西等15个民族人口过10人,其余14个民族在10人以下,其中有5个民族分别仅有1人[4]

长沙的少数民族自第一次人口普查到第五次人口普查,增长快,增幅大。第五次普查比第四次净增30569人,增长1.7倍多。少数民族快速增加的主要原因

  • 自然增长的因素。生育观念、民族政策等多方面的原因,自然增长率高于汉族。
  • 工作、学习等原因迁入长沙,大学生就业与分配、军队专业和退伍安置。
  • 大型企业成建制从少数民族区迁居长沙落户,如300厂、湘仪总厂、航天部湖南管理局、解放军3614厂等企业,这些企业中有数量不小的少数民族职工。
  • 1980年代中期,民族地区落实民族政策,民族成份重新认定和更改。
  • 边疆和本省边远地区的少数民族来长沙经商、从事服务行业甚至开办企业的增多。
  • 婚姻关系,结婚后按民族成份方面的政策,其子女登记为少数民族。
  • 各类学校特别是高等院校招收少数民族学生增多。

历年年末户籍人口列表

长沙市历年户籍人口
年份 总人口 市区人口 性别构成 按农业与非农户籍划分
人口数比重
(%)
男性比重
(%)
女性比重
(%)
非农人口比重
(%)
农业人口比重
(%)
19493,092,437383,48012.401,627,51052.631,464,92747.37
19503,145,165413,63513.151,651,03652.491,494,12947.51541,51617.222,654,52582.78
19513,196,041457,53514.321,689,10452.851,506,93747.15541,22016.932,717,66983.07
19523,258,889516,64915.851,765,07554.161,493,81445.84594,81118.252,708,48281.75
19533,303,293553,64516.761,751,68353.031,551,61046.97613,30818.572,774,34381.43
19543,387,651611,27318.041,787,74952.771,599,90247.23677,01719.982,747,88380.02
19553,424,900616,42518.001,797,08152.471,627,81947.53681,06019.892,814,41080.11
19563,495,470672,22419.231,850,70352.951,644,76747.05735,35821.042,768,11278.96
19573,503,470673,29119.221,854,66652.941,648,80447.06751,64921.452,731,84578.55
19583,483,494663,04919.031,825,59852.411,657,89647.59794,30022.802,629,85677.20
19593,492,082722,76220.701,838,48252.651,653,60047.35871,17324.952,506,75675.05
19603,424,156761,76122.251,795,65652.441,628,50047.56898,52726.242,479,40273.76
19613,377,929726,48621.511,768,52352.361,609,40647.64853,45625.272,535,69574.73
19623,389,151721,27121.281,776,64552.421,612,50647.58800,73723.632,694,91276.37
19633,495,649748,79721.421,822,27152.131,673,37847.87826,51623.642,743,33376.36
19643,569,849764,35721.411,861,08652.131,708,76347.87835,59923.412,821,73676.59
19653,657,335767,72520.991,906,01552.111,751,32047.89838,45822.932,900,45877.07
19663,738,916770,83520.621,950,91852.181,787,99847.82833,09722.282,977,02277.72
19673,810,119786,50020.641,986,17952.131,823,94047.87826,94521.703,078,93978.30
19683,905,884763,40019.542,030,38651.981,875,49848.02812,11520.793,189,29279.21
19694,001,407749,70018.742,079,93651.981,921,47148.02792,36819.803,264,09980.20
19704,056,467742,28418.302,105,84151.911,950,62648.09759,39018.723,371,48081.28
19714,130,870759,73018.392,147,63951.991,983,23148.01819,74019.843,383,54680.16
19724,203,286779,92218.562,183,49551.952,019,79148.05830,73119.763,459,84580.24
19734,290,576799,71518.642,234,64852.082,055,92847.92857,90820.003,508,18680.00
19744,366,094824,10918.882,270,62152.012,095,47347.99882,57620.213,550,83679.79
19754,433,412827,87418.672,308,77452.082,124,63847.92886,88420.003,594,30880.00
19764,481,192827,58218.472,331,70052.032,149,49247.97894,06819.953,627,87580.05
19774,521,943823,84818.222,353,92752.062,168,01647.94891,94319.723,690,32880.28
19784,582,271948,30520.702,387,96752.112,194,30447.89940,26520.523,703,08679.48
19794,643,351992,76121.382,420,68652.132,222,66547.871,003,27621.613,696,81078.39
19804,700,0861,019,43821.692,449,15552.112,250,93147.891,039,45222.123,726,58977.88
19814,766,0411,046,89021.972,489,02752.222,277,01447.781,072,70222.513,772,16677.49
19824,844,8681,072,35022.132,527,99252.182,316,87647.821,105,30222.813,807,97877.19
19834,913,2801,097,55822.342,562,72952.162,350,55147.841,135,40123.113,834,13876.89
19844,969,5391,123,92322.622,593,42752.192,376,11247.811,247,49525.103,794,67374.90
19855,042,1681,157,17622.952,631,65252.192,410,51647.811,292,90125.643,834,39774.36
19865,127,2981,192,66723.262,680,09752.272,447,20147.731,276,05224.893,936,29475.11
19875,212,3461,226,81923.542,721,14752.212,491,19947.791,317,40625.274,029,49174.73
19885,346,8971,263,48123.632,790,04852.182,556,84947.821,373,22125.684,071,29074.32
19895,444,5111,301,17123.902,838,68352.142,605,82847.861,401,76725.754,098,76674.25
19905,500,5331,326,82524.122,861,41052.022,639,12347.981,429,44025.994,106,16374.01
19915,535,6031,349,86524.392,881,29852.052,654,30547.951,449,90126.194,103,94273.81
19925,553,8431,372,74924.722,888,63652.012,665,20747.991,480,58926.664,073,58373.34
19935,554,1721,387,08724.972,887,75251.992,666,42048.011,511,18427.214,083,20172.79
19945,594,3851,422,65125.432,912,80352.072,681,58247.931,556,04027.814,072,18272.19
19955,628,2221,454,46125.842,919,36951.872,708,85348.131,601,86428.464,073,47571.54
19965,675,3391,603,80428.262,950,93452.002,724,40548.001,673,32829.484,045,76470.52
19975,719,0921,634,41228.582,960,69751.772,758,39548.231,709,75429.904,059,03370.10
19985,768,7871,669,08128.932,987,03851.782,781,74948.221,736,93430.114,087,75869.89
19995,824,6921,714,60629.443,011,43451.702,813,25848.301,809,82831.074,022,06668.93
20005,831,8941,754,14230.083,015,30351.702,816,59148.301,864,20631.974,006,72768.03
20015,870,9331,807,67030.793,030,64851.622,840,28548.381,918,94232.694,035,65067.31
20025,954,5921,889,77331.743,065,77551.492,888,81748.511,991,04633.444,026,57866.56
20036,017,6241,962,56132.613,093,90151.412,923,72348.592,058,25734.204,045,58765.80
20046,103,8442,024,64633.173,137,62951.402,966,21548.602,125,74134.834,083,50765.17
20056,209,2482,086,47633.603,186,03951.313,023,20948.692,180,68835.124,129,27064.88
20066,309,9582,146,09634.013,131,73749.633,078,22150.372,256,47735.764,117,08464.24
20076,373,5612,187,48834.323,258,99151.133,114,57048.872,305,61136.174,111,75663.83
20086,417,3672,370,64336.943,274,84851.033,142,51948.972,332,13236.344,136,21863.66
20096,468,3502,391,67536.983,292,77150.913,175,57949.092,347,61636.294,120,73463.71

来源

  1. 2010年第六次人口普查数据来源于《长沙市第六次全国人口普查主要数据》
  2. 长沙历次人口普查常住人口与少数民族人口数据来源于长沙市统计局:《长沙市少数民族人口状况浅析》(2003年8月27日) 页面存档备份,存于
  3. 中国历次人口普查民族族别数参见《我国56个少数民族的识别过程》(施联朱) 页面存档备份,存于
  4. 2000年第五次人口普查数据出自湖南省统计局/人口服务网(子网)-第五次人口普查数据 存檔,存档日期2016-03-31.,分县人口数据参考国家统计局-第五次人口普查数据库 页面存档备份,存于
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