鞑靼语字母

鞑靼语鞑靼斯坦境内使用两套书写系统:西里尔字母拉丁字母。中国国内的塔塔尔语则保留了历史上的阿拉伯字母

韃靼文字沿革史

圖像

拉丁字母

一套基于拉丁字母的系统在2000年以后主要被使用在鞑靼斯坦共和国并且主要出现在因特网上,但是由于俄罗斯的法律规定所有的俄罗斯语言必须用西里尔字母书写,最近已经不那么常见了。

鞑靼语拉丁字母
A a Ä ä B b C c Ç ç D d E e F f G g Ğ ğ H h I ı İ i Í í J j
K k L l M m N n Ñ ñ O o Ö ö P p Q q R r S s Ş ş T t U u Ü ü
V v W w X x Y y Z z                                        

Zamanälif系统的发音

新土耳其字母 1922-2002

鞑靼语大部分是谐音词,就是说通常可以从拼写推测单词读音。此规则不适用于新近借入单词,如summit and names.

  • A – a as in "ugly"
  • Ä – ä as in "man", but less open
  • B – be as in "bell"
  • C – ce as in "pleasure"
  • Ç – çe as in "usher" or "chocolate" but without first [t]
  • D – de as in "decade" (the tongue touches only the front teeth but not the palate.)
  • E – e as in "six" or "needed"
  • F – fe as in "federal"
  • G – ge as in "get"
  • Ğ – ğı is back version of g, very close to back r in French
  • H – he as in "helicopter"
  • I – ı as in "number"
  • İ – i as in "kiss" or "read"
  • Í – í as in "beyond"
  • J – je as in "garage" pronounced as in French & English)
  • K – ke as in "kettle"
  • L – le as in "leg"
  • M – me as in "men"
  • N – ne as in "never"
  • Ñ – ñe as in "English" and "song"
  • O – o as in "orchestra" and "obligation"
  • Ö – ö as in "urbane" and like German ö
  • P – pe as in "pen"
  • Q – qu as in "Iraq"
  • R – re as in Spanish "carro" (the tongue vibrates doing a few touches of palate during pronunciation of one sound)
  • S – se as in "sell"
  • Ş – şe as in ""slash"
  • T – te as in "telephone" (the tongue touches only the front teeth but not the palate.)
  • U – u as in "oops!"
  • Ü – ü as in "jew" and like German ü
  • V – ve as in "vegetable"
  • W – we as in "wall"
  • Y – ye as in "yes"
  • X – xa close to that in "chemistry", or like Scottish "ch" in "loch"
  • Z – ze as in "zebra"

转换表( Zamanälif为基础)

序号拉丁字母拉丁名西里尔名Transcription
1A aAАɑ, ʌ
 Á áA hämzä belänА һәмзә беләнɑ
2Ä äÄ , noqtalı AӘ, нокталы Аæ, ə
 Â âA dulqın belänА дулкын беләнæ
3B bБэb
4C cҖэʑ
5Ç çÇéЧэɕ, t͡ʃ
6D dДэd
7E eEЭe
 É éE hämzä belän, ozın EЭ һәмзә белән, озын эɛ
8F fÉfЭфf
9G gГеɡ
10Ğ ğĞéГъэɣ
11H hҺэh
12İ iİИi
13Í íÍЫйɨɪ
14I ıIЫɨ
15J jЖэʒ, d͡ʒ
16K kКеk
17L lElЭльl
18M mÉmЭмm
19N nÉnЭнn
20Ñ ñÉñЭңŋ
21O oOОo, o:
 óO hämzä belänО һәмзә беләнø
22Ö öÖ, noqtalı OӨ, нокталы Оœ
23P pПэp
24Q qQuКуq
25R rÉrЭрr
26S sÉsЭсs
27Ş şŞaШаʃ
28T tТэt
29U uUУu
 úU hämzä belänУ һәмзә беләнʊ
30Ü üÜ, noqtalı UҮ, нокталы УY
31V vВэv
32W wВэ (Уэ)w
33X xÉxЭхx
34Y yЙэj, ɪ
35Z zZetЗетz
 ' - hämzäHämzäҺәмзәʔ

西里尔系统

鞑靼语西里尔字母
А а Ә ә Б б В в Г г Д д Е е (Ё ё) Ж ж Җ җ З з И и Й й К к Л л
М м Н н Ң ң О о Ө ө П п Р р С с Т т У у Ү ү Ф ф Х х Һ һ Ц ц
Ч ч Ш ш (Щ щ) Ь ь Ы ы Ъ ъ Э э Ю ю Я я                        

官方版包含39个字母:

发音

Letters and symbols of the Tatar Cyrillic alphabet
大写小写Correspondence to Zamanälif.Earlier Translit.Name (хәреф исеме)发音注释
Ааaaа /a/[a]
Әәääә /æ/[æ]
Ббbbбэ /be/[b]
Ввw, vvвэ /we/[w]
Ггg, ğgгэ /ɡe/[ɡ]; [ɣ]
Ддddдэ /de/[d]
Ееe, ye, yıeйе /je/ , йы /jɯ/[je]; [jɯ]; [e]
Ёёyoëйо /jo/[jo]
Жжjžжэ /ʒe/[ʒ]
Җҗcẓ̌җэ /ʑe/[ʑ]
Ззzzзэ /ze/[z]
Ииiiи /i/[i]
Ййyjкыска и /qɯsˈqa ˈi/[j]
Ккk, qkка /qa/[k]; [q]
Ллllэль /el/[l]
Ммmmэм /em/[m]
Ннnnэн /en/[n]
Ңңñņэң /eŋ/[ŋ]
Ооooо /o/[o]
Өөööө /ø/[ø]
Ппppпэ /pe/[p]
Ррrrэр /er/[r]
Ссssэс /es/[s]
Ттttтэ /te/[t]
Ууu, wuУ /u/[u]; [w]
Үүü, wüҮ /y/[y]; [w]
Ффffэф /ef/[f]
Ххxxха /xa/[x]
Һһhhһэ /he/[h]
Ццts, scцэ /tse/[ts]
Ччçčчэ /ɕe/[ɕ]
Шшşšша /ʃa/[ʃ]
Щщşçščща /ʃɕa/[ʃɕ]
Ъъ'калынлык билгесе /qalɯnˈlɯq bilɡeˈse/ [ʔ]калынлык һәм аеру билгесе
Ыыıyы /ɯ/[ɯ]
Ьь'нечкәлек билгесе /neɕkæˈlek bilɡeˈse/ [ʔ]нечкәлек һәм аеру билгесе
Ээe, 'èэ /e/[e]; [ʔ]
Ююyu, yüjuйу /ju/[ju]; [jy]
Яяya, yäjaйа /ja/[ja]; [jæ]

历史

参閲

外部链接

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.