马三奇 (人物)

马三奇東干語俄語:1886年—1937年)是苏联东干族的共产主义革命家和政治家。[1]布尔什维克黨員。 后在大清洗中被斯大林迫害。哈萨克斯坦江布爾州下轄的卡拉庫努孜村改名为马三奇来纪念他。

马三奇

职业生涯

他出生在阿拉木图一个普通农场工人家庭。[2][3]

俄国内战时期,共产党人有有意寻求非俄罗斯的中亚人民支持。东干人于是被邀请来加入苏联红军[4]

居住在镇上的东干人在沙皇军队中服役后回到比什凯克,再加入了苏联红军,在七河地区为苏联作战。然而,东干人中的农民在内战中对双方都漠不关心,据报道布尔什维克对中亚土著居民犯下了暴行,而富有的东干人和伊斯兰教的东干教士却站在白人一边,对同胞被杀漠不关心。[5]

马三奇最初作为俄罗斯帝国军队的一员参加了第一次世界大战。沙皇被推翻后,他去了塔什干[3]

马三奇曾指挥过苏联红军的东干骑兵团,并因在哈萨克斯坦与反革命分子作战而闻名。[6][7]马三奇曾与德米特里·安德烈耶维奇·富尔马诺夫一起为苏联而战。[8]内战结束后,他成为乌兹别克斯坦和哈萨克斯坦的一名官员。[9]

1921年参加共产国际第三次代表大会后,马三奇与巴斯玛奇运动进行了斗争。他也是苏联秘密警察的一员。[10]

马三奇是斯大林大清洗的受害者[2],后被平反。[9]

参考文献

  1. Joseph L. Wieczynski. . Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. (原始内容存档于2017-07-28).
  2. Borys Lewytzkyj. . Hoover Institution Press. 1974: 493 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-8179-1261-4.
  3. Joseph L. Wieczynski. . Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. (原始内容存档于2017-06-19).
  4. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. . Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 251 [2011-01-01]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-01).
  5. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. . Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 251 [2011-01-01].
  6. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. . Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 250 [2011-01-01]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-22).
  7. Rais Abdulkhakovich Tuzmukhamedov. . Progress Publishers. 1973: 74 [2011-01-01].
  8. Joint Committee on Slavic Studies, American Council of Learned Societies, Social Science Research Council (U.S.), American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. . American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. 1968: 35 [2011-01-01].
  9. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. . Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 250 [2011-01-01].
  10. Joseph L. Wieczynski. . Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. (原始内容存档于2013-05-27).
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