高原鰍屬

高原鳅属
	达里湖高原鳅; Triplophysa dalaica
	斯氏高原鳅; Triplophysa stolickai
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	綱 Actinopteri
目：	鲤形目 Cypriniformes
科：	条鳅科 Nemacheilidae
属：	高原鳅属 Triplophysa; Rendahl, 1933
模式種
	忽吉图高原鳅; Triplophysa hutjertjuensis; Rendahl, 1933

高原鳅属（学名：）是鲤形目条鳅科一属，主要分布在青藏高原、亚洲中部及其周边海拔较高水域，是世界上已知唯一可分布到海拔5000m以上的鱼类属。[1][2] 高原鳅属鱼类与鲤科裂腹鱼亚科鱼类构成了青藏高原鱼类区系的主体。[3]

分类研究简史

早期报道的高原鳅属物种被归入了条鳅属（Nemacheilus）。1933年，德国学者赫尔玛·伦达尔以显著的雄性第二特征为依据，以忽吉图高原鳅（Triplophysa hutjertjuensis）作为模式种，建立了高原鳅亚属。1975年罗马尼亚学者彼得·米哈伊·伯讷雷斯库和特奥多尔·T·纳尔班特将高原鳅亚属提升为属。之后条鳅属大部分种类被归入本属。[4]

种类

根据世界鱼类数据库（FishBase）记录，截止2022年3月8日收录本属147种：[5]

康定高原鳅 Triplophysa alexandrae Prokofiev, 2001，亞歷山大高原鰍
阿里高原鳅 Triplophysa aliensis (Wu & Zhu, 1979)
隆头高原鳅 Triplophysa alticeps (Herzenstein, 1888)
高鳍高原鳅 Triplophysa altipinnis Prokofiev, 2003
阿庐高原鳅 Triplophysa aluensis Li & Zhu, 2000
安氏高原鳅 Triplophysa angeli (Fang, 1941)
安龙高原鳅 Triplophysa anlongensis Song, Luo, Lan, Zhao, Xiao & Zhou, 2023[6]
前鳍高原鳅 Triplophysa anterodorsalis Zhu & Cao, 1989
水绿高原鳅 Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae Prokofiev, 2001
阿氏高原鳅 Triplophysa arnoldii Prokofiev, 2006
保田高原鳅 Triplophysa baotianensis Li, Li, Liu et Li [7]
巴山高原鳅 Triplophysa bashanensis Xu & Wang, 2009
贝氏高原鳅 Triplophysa bleekeri (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874)，勃氏高原鰍
隆额高原鳅 Triplophysa bombifrons (Herzenstein, 1888)
短鳍高原鳅 Triplophysa brachyptera (Herzenstein, 1888)
布氏高原鳅 Triplophysa brahui (Zugmayer, 1912)
短须高原鳅 Triplophysa brevibarba Ding, 1993
短尾高原鳅 Triplophysa brevicauda (Herzenstein, 1888)
茶卡高原鳅 Triplophysa cakaensis Cao & Zhu, 1988
册亨高原鳅 Triplophysa cehengensis Luo, Mao, Zhao, Xiao & Zhou, 2023[6]
俄罗斯高原鳅 Triplophysa chandagaitensis Prokofiev, 2002
软口高原鳅 Triplophysa chondrostoma (Herzenstein, 1888)
肃氏高原鳅 Triplophysa choprai (Hora, 1934)
尖鳍高原鳅 Triplophysa coniptera (Turdakov, 1954)
厚尾高原鳅 Triplophysa crassicauda (Herzenstein, 1888)，糙尾高原鰍
粗唇高原鳅 Triplophysa crassilabris Ding, 1994
尖头高原鳅 Triplophysa cuneicephala (Shaw & Tchang, 1931)
达里湖高原鳅 Triplophysa dalaica (Kessler, 1876)
稻城高原鳅 Triplophysa daochengensis Wu, Sun & Guo, 2016
大桥高原鳅 Triplophysa daqiaoensis Ding, 1993
索赫高原鰍 Triplophysa daryoae Sheraliev, Kayumova & Peng, 2022
峒敢高原鰍 Triplophysa dongganensis Yang, 2013
黑背高原鳅 Triplophysa dorsalis (Kessler, 1872)
贪食高原鳅 Triplophysa edsinica Prokofiev, 2003
红盲高原鳅 Triplophysa erythraea [8]
尤金氏高原鰍 Triplophysa eugeniae Prokofiev, 2002
法氏高原鳅 Triplophysa farwelli (Hora, 1935)
鳳山高原鰍 Triplophysa fengshanensis Lan, 2013
费尔干纳高原鰍 Triplophysa ferganaensis Sheraliev & Peng, 2021
黄体高原鳅 Triplophysa flavicorpus Yang, Chen & Lan, 2004
暗色高原鳅 Triplophysa furva Zhu, 1992
抚仙高原鳅 Triplophysa fuxianensis Yang & Chu, 1990
个旧高原鳅 Triplophysa gejiuensis (Chu & Chen, 1979)[9]
改则高原鳅 Triplophysa gerzeensis Cao & Zhu, 1988
灰高原鰍 Triplophysa gracilis (Day, 1877)
昆明高原鳅 Triplophysa grahami (Regan, 1906)
格林南鳅 Schistura greenei Endruweit 2017 [10]
格氏高原鰍 Triplophysa griffithii (Günther, 1868)
岡氏高原鰍 Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev, 2002
哈紮拉高原鰍 Triplophysa hazaraensis (Omer & Mirza, 1975)
赫氏高原鰍 Triplophysa herzensteini (Berg, 1909)
河西高原鰍 Triplophysa hexiensis (Zhao & Wang, 1988)
郃阳高原鳅 Triplophysa heyangensis Zhu, 1992
希氏高原鰍 Triplophysa hialmari Prokofiev, 2001
酒泉高原鳅 Triplophysa hsutschouensis (Rendahl, 1933)
環江高原鰍 Triplophysa huanjiangensis Yang, Wu & Lan, 2011[11]
花坪高原鰍 Triplophysa huapingensis Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2012
忽吉图高原鳅 Triplophysa hutjertjuensis (Rendahl, 1933)
蟄棲高原鰍 Triplophysa incipiens (Herzenstein, 1888)
中間高原鰍 Triplophysa intermedia (Kessler, 1876)
劍川高原鰍 Triplophysa jianchuanensis Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang, 2010
佳榮高原鰍 Triplophysa jiarongensis Lin, Li & Song, 2012[12]
卡菲氏高原鰍 Triplophysa kafirnigani (Turdakov, 1948)
喀什米爾高原鰍 Triplophysa kashmirensis (Hora, 1922)
卡氏高原鰍 Triplophysa kaznakowi Prokofiev, 2004
庫曼高原鰍 Triplophysa kullmanni Bănărescu, Nalbant & Ladiges, 1975
伊犁高原鳅 Triplophysa kungessana (Kessler, 1879)
唇高原鰍 Triplophysa labiata (Kessler, 1874)
拉丘氏高原鰍 Triplophysa lacusnigri (Berg, 1928)
湖高原鳅 Triplophysa lacustris Yang & Chu, 1990
拉達克高原鰍 Triplophysa ladacensis (Günther, 1868)
浪平高原鰍 Triplophysa langpingensis Yang, 2013
側斑高原鰍 Triplophysa laterimaculata Li, Liu & Yang, 2007
側頭高原鰍 Triplophysa laticeps Zhou & Cui, 1997
梭形高原鳅 Triplophysa leptosoma (Herzenstein, 1888)
里湖高原鳅 Triplophysa lihuensis Wu, Yang & Lan, 2012
理县高原鳅 Triplophysa lixianensis He, Song & Zhang, 2008
蛇形高原鳅 Triplophysa longianguis Wu & Wu, 1984
長鬚盲高原鰍 Triplophysa longibarbata (Chen, Yang, Sket & Aljancic, 1998)
长鳍高原鳅 Triplophysa longipectoralis Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang, 2009
龍裏高原鰍 Triplophysa longliensis Ren, Yang & Chen, 2012
羅城高原鰍 Triplophysa luochengensis Li, Lan, Chen & Du, 2017[13]
大頭高原鰍 Triplophysa macrocephala Yang, Wu & Yang, 2012
大斑高原鳅 Triplophysa macromaculata Yang, 1990
大眼高原鳅 Triplophysa macrophthalma Zhu & Guo, 1985
麻尔柯高原鳅 Triplophysa markehenensis (Zhu & Wu, 1981)，瑪柯河高原鰍
石紋高原鰍 Triplophysa marmorata (Heckel, 1838)
細眼高原鰍 Triplophysa microphthalma (Kessler, 1879)
小鳔高原鳅 Triplophysa microphysa (Fang, 1935)
小眼高原鳅 Triplophysa microps (Steindachner, 1866)
小体高原鳅 Triplophysa minuta (Li, 1966)
岷县高原鳅 Triplophysa minxianensis (Wang & Zhu, 1979)
墨曲高原鳅 Triplophysa moquensis Ding, 1994
南丹高原鳅 Triplophysa nandanensis Lan, Yang & Chen, 1995
南盘江高原鳅 Triplophysa nanpanjiangensis (Zhu & Cao, 1988)
大鼻高原鳅 Triplophysa nasalis (Kessler, 1876)
鼻鬚高原鳅 Triplophysa nasobarbatula Wang & Li, 2001
納氏高原鰍 Triplophysa naziri (Ahmad & Mirza, 1963)
宁蒗高原鳅 Triplophysa ninglangensis Wu & Wu, 1988
怒江高原鳅 Triplophysa nujiangensa Chen, Cui & Yang, 2004
黑体高原鳅 Triplophysa obscura Wang, 1987
鈍吻高原鰍 Triplophysa obtusirostra Wu & Wu, 1988
东方高原鳅 Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein, 1888)
盘州高原鳅 Triplophysa panzhouensis Yu, Luo, Lan, Xiao & Zhou, 2023[6]
粒唇高原鳅 Triplophysa papillosolabiata (Kessler, 1879)
黄河高原鳅 Triplophysa pappenheimi (Fang, 1935)
塔拉斯高原鳅 Triplophysa paradoxa (Turdakov, 1955)
奇异南鳅 Schistura paraxena Endruweit, 2017[14]
小高原鳅 Triplophysa parvus Chen, Li & Yang, 2009
佩達氏高原鳅 Triplophysa pedaschenkoi (Berg, 1931)
多带高原鳅 Triplophysa polyfasciata Ding, 1996
拟硬刺高原鳅 Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera (Zhu & Wu, 1981)
擬细尾高原鰍 Triplophysa pseudostenura He, Zhang & Song, 2012
祁连高原鳅 Triplophysa qilianensis Li, Chen & Hu, 2015
丘北高原鳅 Triplophysa qiubeiensis Li & Yang, 2008[15]
甘肃高原鳅 Triplophysa robusta (Kessler, 1876)，粗壯高原鰍
冗渡高原鳅 Triplophysa rongduensis Mao, Zhao, Yu, Xiao & Zhou, 2023[6]
玫瑰高原鳅 Triplophysa rosa Chen & Yang, 2005
红异高原鳅 Triplophysa rossoperegrinatorum Prokofiev, 2001
圆腹高原鳅 Triplophysa rotundiventris (Wu & Chen, 1979)
挖頷高原鰍 Triplophysa scapanognatha Prokofiev, 2007
硬鳍高原鳅 Triplophysa scleroptera (Herzenstein, 1888)
赛丽高原鳅 Triplophysa sellaefer (Nichols, 1925)
截尾高原鳅 Triplophysa sewerzowi (Nikolskii, 1938)
陕西高原鳅 Triplophysa shaanxiensis Chen, 1987
印度高原鳅 Triplophysa shehensis Tilak, 1987
石林盲高原鳅 Triplophysa shilinensis Chen & Yang, 1992
石羊河高原鳅 Triplophysa shiyangensis (Zhao & Wang, 1983)
拟鲶高原鳅 Triplophysa siluroides (Herzenstein, 1888)
细尾高原鳅 Triplophysa stenura (Herzenstein, 1888)
刺突高原鳅 Triplophysa stewarti (Hora, 1922)，異尾高原鰍
斯氏高原鳅 Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner, 1866)，也拼作T. stoliczkae，T. stoliczkai[16]
黑斑高原鳅 Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler, 1874)
唐古拉高原鳅 Triplophysa tanggulaensis (Zhu, 1982)
窄尾高原鳅 Triplophysa tenuicauda (Steindachner, 1866)
长身高原鳅 Triplophysa tenuis (Day, 1877)
天峨高原鳅 Triplophysa tianeensis Chen, Cui & Yang, 2004
田林高原鳅 Triplophysa tianlinensis Li, Li, Lan & Du, 2016[17]
天星高原鳅 Triplophysa tianxingensis Yang, Li & Chen, 2016[18]
西藏高原鳅 Triplophysa tibetana (Regan, 1905)
特氏高原鳅 Triplophysa trewavasae Mirza & Ahmad, 1990
吐鲁番高原鳅 Triplophysa turpanensis Wu & Wu, 1992
裸高原鳅 Triplophysa ulacholica (Anikin, 1905)
秀丽高原鳅 Triplophysa venusta Zhu & Cao, 1988
歪思汉高原鳅 Triplophysa waisihani Cao & Zhang, 2008
武威高原鳅 Triplophysa wuweiensis (Li & Chang, 1974)
响水箐高原鳅 Triplophysa xiangshuingensis Li, 2004
湘西盲高原鳅 Triplophysa xiangxiensis (Yang, Yuan & Liao, 1986)
西昌高原鳅 Triplophysa xichangensis Zhu & Cao, 1989
西畴高原鳅 Triplophysa xichouensis Liu, Pan, Yang et Chen, 2017 [19]
兴山高原鳅 Triplophysa xingshanensis (Yang & Xie, 1983)
西溪高原鳅 Triplophysa xiqiensis Ding & Lai, 1996
姚氏高原鳅 Triplophysa yaopeizhii Xu, Zhang & Cai, 1995
南亚高原鳅 Triplophysa yasinensis (Alcock, 1898)
云南高原鳅 Triplophysa yunnanensis Yang, 1990
青海高原鳅 Triplophysa zaidamensis (Kessler, 1876)
巨头高原鳅 Triplophysa zamegacephala (Zhao, 1985)
赵氏高原鳅 Triplophysa zhaoi Prokofiev, 2006
贞丰高原鳅 Triplophysa zhenfengensis Wang & Li, 2001

参考文献

肖海; 代应贵. . 水产科学. 2011, 30 (1): 53–57 [2022-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-08）.
. [2022-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-15）.
高原鳅属Triplophysa鱼类的分子系统发育和生物地理学研究
何春林; 宋昭彬; 张鹗. . 四川动物. 2011, 30 (1): 150–155 [2022-03-08]. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.20111.01.038. （原始内容存档于2022-03-08）.
. fishbase. [2022-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-08）.
Tao Luo, Ming-Le Mao, Chang-Ting Lan, Ling-Xing Song, Xin-Rui Zhao, Jing Yu, Xing-Liang Wang, Ning Xiao, Jia-Jun Zhou and Jiang Zhou. 2023. Four New hypogean Species of the Genus Triplophysa (Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae) from Guizhou Province, Southwest China, based on molecular and morphological data. ZooKeys. 1185: 43-81. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1185.105499
. NSII. [2023-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-18）.
Huang T F , Zhang P L , Huang X L , et al. 中国洞穴盲鳅一新种——红盲高原鳅Triplophysa erythraea sp.nov.（鲤形目：条鳅科）[J]. Zoological Research, 2019, 40(4).
褚新洛, 陈银瑞. 地下河中盲鱼一新种——个旧盲条鳅[J]. 动物学报, 1979(03):98-100.
Endruweit M. 2017. A new Schistura from the Salween basin in western Yunnan (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Zootaxa 4243(2): 394-400.
杨剑, 吴铁军, 蓝家湖. 中国广西盲鳅一新种——环江高原鳅[J]. 动物学研究, 2011, 32(5):6.
林昱. 中国贵州省穴居盲鳅—新种:佳荣盲高原鳅(鲤形目:爬鳅科)[J]. 上海海洋大学研究生部, 2012.
J. Li, J. H. Lan, X. Y. Chen and L. N. Du. 2017. Description of Triplophysa luochengensis sp. nov. (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from A Karst Cave in Guangxi, China. Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13364
Endruweit M. 2017. A new Schistura from the Pearl River in Guangxi, China (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Zootaxa, 4277(1): 144-150.
李维贤, 杨洪福, 陈宏,等. 中国云南高原鳅属洞穴盲鱼一新种——邱北盲高原鳅[J]. 动物学研究, 2008, 29(6):5.
. 中科院三江源国家公园研究院. [2023-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-18）.
Li J, Li XH, Lan JH & Du LN. 2017. A new troglobitic loach Triplophysa tianlinensis (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from Guangxi, China. Ichthyol Res, 64: 295-300.
Yang HF, Li WX & Chen ZM. 2016. A new cave species of the genus Triplophysa from Yunnan, China. Zoological Research, 37(5): 296-300.
Liu SW, Pan XF, Yang JX & Chen XY. 2017. A new cave-dwelling loach, Triplophysa xichouensis sp. nov. (Teleostei Nemacheilidae) from Yunnan, China. Journal of Fish Biology, 90: 834-846.

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[肖海-1] 肖海; 代应贵. . 水产科学. 2011, 30 (1): 53–57 [2022-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-08）.

[2] . [2022-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-15）.

[3] 高原鳅属Triplophysa鱼类的分子系统发育和生物地理学研究

[何春林-4] 何春林; 宋昭彬; 张鹗. . 四川动物. 2011, 30 (1): 150–155 [2022-03-08]. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.20111.01.038. （原始内容存档于2022-03-08）.

[5] . fishbase. [2022-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-08）.

[Luo-6] Tao Luo, Ming-Le Mao, Chang-Ting Lan, Ling-Xing Song, Xin-Rui Zhao, Jing Yu, Xing-Liang Wang, Ning Xiao, Jia-Jun Zhou and Jiang Zhou. 2023. Four New hypogean Species of the Genus Triplophysa (Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae) from Guizhou Province, Southwest China, based on molecular and morphological data. ZooKeys. 1185: 43-81. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1185.105499

[7] . NSII. [2023-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-18）.

[8] Huang T F , Zhang P L , Huang X L , et al. 中国洞穴盲鳅一新种——红盲高原鳅Triplophysa erythraea sp.nov.（鲤形目：条鳅科）[J]. Zoological Research, 2019, 40(4).

[9] 褚新洛, 陈银瑞. 地下河中盲鱼一新种——个旧盲条鳅[J]. 动物学报, 1979(03):98-100.

[10] Endruweit M. 2017. A new Schistura from the Salween basin in western Yunnan (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Zootaxa 4243(2): 394-400.

[11] 杨剑, 吴铁军, 蓝家湖. 中国广西盲鳅一新种——环江高原鳅[J]. 动物学研究, 2011, 32(5):6.

[12] 林昱. 中国贵州省穴居盲鳅—新种:佳荣盲高原鳅(鲤形目:爬鳅科)[J]. 上海海洋大学研究生部, 2012.

[13] J. Li, J. H. Lan, X. Y. Chen and L. N. Du. 2017. Description of Triplophysa luochengensis sp. nov. (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from A Karst Cave in Guangxi, China. Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13364

[14] Endruweit M. 2017. A new Schistura from the Pearl River in Guangxi, China (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Zootaxa, 4277(1): 144-150.

[15] 李维贤, 杨洪福, 陈宏,等. 中国云南高原鳅属洞穴盲鱼一新种——邱北盲高原鳅[J]. 动物学研究, 2008, 29(6):5.

[16] . 中科院三江源国家公园研究院. [2023-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-18）.

[17] Li J, Li XH, Lan JH & Du LN. 2017. A new troglobitic loach Triplophysa tianlinensis (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from Guangxi, China. Ichthyol Res, 64: 295-300.

[18] Yang HF, Li WX & Chen ZM. 2016. A new cave species of the genus Triplophysa from Yunnan, China. Zoological Research, 37(5): 296-300.

[19] Liu SW, Pan XF, Yang JX & Chen XY. 2017. A new cave-dwelling loach, Triplophysa xichouensis sp. nov. (Teleostei Nemacheilidae) from Yunnan, China. Journal of Fish Biology, 90: 834-846.