鼠尾草属

鼠尾草属唇形科下最大的一个,包括大约1000植物[1],广泛分布在全球各地的温带热带地区,既有草本也有灌木或亚灌木,大多数品种集中在亚洲[2]其中有许多品种可以入药或作为观赏花卉[3]

鼠尾草属
一串红Salvia splendens
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 菊类植物 Asterids
目: 唇形目 Lamiales
科: 唇形科 Lamiaceae
亚科: 荆芥亚科 Nepetoideae
族: 薄荷族 Mentheae
属: 鼠尾草属 Salvia
L., 1753

参见正文

鼠尾草属植物有明显特点,其花萼钟形,分为两唇,上唇有三齿,下唇有二齿;花冠筒形,也分为两唇,上唇完整,下唇有三裂,中裂最长;有两个能育雄蕊和两个退化的不育雄蕊;果实为小坚果

该属植物杠杆状雄蕊(lever-like stamen)结构与传粉者形成了杠杆式背部传粉(dorsal pollination)的互作机制[4]

属名Salvia源于拉丁语salveo,意为“救助”,指本属植物多供入药。

主要品种

本属包括以下物种:[5]

  • 翅柄葉鼠尾草 Salvia alatipetiolata (翅柄鼠尾草)
  • 白鼠尾草 Salvia apiana
  • 银白鼠尾草 Salvia argentea L. - Silver clary, Silver sage.
  • Salvia arizonica - Arizona sage, Desert indigo sage, a purple-flowering annual.
  • Salvia austriaca - Austrian sage.
  • Salvia ayecarrenoi Mart. Gord., Fragoso & de Santiago[6]
  • Salvia azurea - Blue sage, Azure blue sage; very big bright blue flowers.
  • 南丹参 Salvia bowleyana Dunn
    • 二回羽裂南丹参 Salvia bowleyana var. subbipinnata C.Y. Wu
  • Salvia candelabrum - a blue-flowering scented sage.
  • 刺苞鼠尾草 Salvia carduacea Benth.,异名:Salvia gossypina Benth.
  • Salvia clevelandii - Blue sage, Cleveland sage, Fragrant sage.
  • 红花鼠尾草 Salvia coccinea Juss. ex Murr., 1778,朱唇
  • 飞鸽鼠尾草 Salvia columbariae
  • 圆苞鼠尾草 Salvia cyclostegia
  • Salvia discolor
  • 墨西哥鼠尾草 Salvia divinorum - Diviner's sage.
  • 长花鼠尾草 Salvia dolichantha E.Peter
  • Salvia dorrii - Ute Tobacco Sage (mild hallucinogen when smoked)
  • 凤梨鼠尾草 Salvia elegans
  • 粉萼鼠尾草 Salvia farinacea Benth.,粉萼鼠尾草
  • 臺灣紫花鼠尾草 Salvia fulgens - Salvia formosana (Murata) Yamazaki 1969 (蕨葉紫花鼠尾草)
  • Salvia fulgens - Cardinal sage, Mexican red sage, a red-flowering perennial
  • Salvia funerea – Death Valley sage
  • 胶质鼠尾草 Salvia glutinosa
  • Salvia greggii - Autumn sage, a red-flowered sage with a very strong scent
  • Salvia guaranitica - Anise sage or hummingbird sage.
  • 早田氏鼠尾草 Salvia hayatana Makino ex Hayata, 1919
  • 芡欧鼠尾草 Salvia hispanica - the Chia of commerce.
  • Salvia huastecana Bedolla, Zamudio & H.Castillo-Gómez [7]
  • 鼠尾草 Salvia japonica Thunb. ex Murray, 1784(日本紫花鼠尾草)
  • 隱藥鼠尾草 Salvia keitaoensis Hayata, 1919
  • Salvia leucantha - Mexican bush sage, velvety spikes of violet-purple and white, 3' tall.
  • Salvia leucophylla - Purple sage.
  • Salvia libanotica - Mediterranean or middle eastern sage
  • Salvia longistyla - Mexican sage.
  • Salvia lyrata - Lyre-leaved sage, Lyreleaf sage.
  • 墨西哥鼠尾草 Salvia mexicana - Mexican sage, medium blue to violet and lavender, 8' to 10' tall.
  • Salvia microphylla
  • 丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
  • Salvia nemorosa - Meadow sage
  • 琴柱草 Salvia nipponica Miq.
    • 黃花鼠尾草 Salvia nipponica var. formosana (Hayata) Kudo, 1929
  • 藥用鼠尾草 Salvia officinalis
  • 節毛鼠尾草 Salvia plebeia R. Brown, 1810
  • 龍膽鼠尾草 Salvia patens ,長蕊鼠尾草 - a blue-flowering sage.
  • Salvia polystachya - Chia sage, Chia seed.
  • 洪桥鼠尾草 Salvia potanini Kryl.
  • Salvia potus - Chia.
  • Salvia pratensis - Meadow clary or Meadow sage.
  • 康定鼠尾草 Salvia prattii Hemsl.
  • Salvia roemeriana - Cedar Sage; this species prefers shady moist areas
  • 卵葉鼠尾草 Salvia scapiformis Hance, 1885
  • Salvia sclarea - Clary or Clary sage.
  • 山东丹参 Salvia shandongensis [8]
  • Salvia spathacea - Pitcher sage or Hummingbird sage.
  • 一串红 Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl.
  • 佛光草 Salvia substolonifera Stib.
  • Salvia superba
  • 田代氏鼠尾草 Salvia tashiroi Hayata, 1917
  • Salvia transylvanica
  • Salvia uliginosa Benth., 1833
  • Salvia verbenaca L., 1753 - Wild clary, Wild sage.
  • Salvia verticillata L., 1753 - Whorled clary, Lilac sage, a white- or blue-flowering perennial with the scent of Clary.
  • Salvia viridis L., 1753,异名:S. horminum - Annual clary..
  • 西藏鼠尾草 Salvia wardii Stib.

应用

鼠尾草属的拉丁名称来源与拉丁语的“治疗”(salvare)一词,在古代的地中海小亚细亚半岛早已经应用其作为草药。[9]其中丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza)是重要的中药,而美洲印第安人也早已经知道用鼠尾草属植物作为草药,部分芳香品种还可以提取芳香油。[10][11][12][13]

参考文献

  1. Petra Wester; Regine Claßen-Bockhoff. . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011, 98 (1): 101–155 [2015-04-07]. doi:10.3417/2007035.
  2. Kintzios, Spiridon E. 2000. Sage: the genus Salvia. Medicinal and aromatic plants--industrial profiles, v. 14. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. Page 27. ISBN 90-5823-005-8
  3. Clebsch, Betsy, and Betsy Clebsch. 2003. The new book of salvias: sages for every garden. Portland, OR: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-560-8
  4. . 科学网. 2011-03-16 [2011-03-16]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-25).
  5. . GBIF. [2023-02-15]. (原始内容存档于2022-12-08).
  6. Martha J. Martínez-Gordillo, Jesús Ricardo de Santiago Gómez and Itzi Fragoso-Martínez. 2023. Salvia ayecarrenoi (Lamiaceae), una nueva especie con estambres exsertosde Guerrero, México / Salvia ayecarrenoi (Lamiaceae), A New Species with exserted stamens from Guerrero, Mexico. Acta Botanica Mexicana. 130: e2232. DOI: 10.21829/abm130.2023.2232
  7. Brenda Y. Bedolla-García, Sergio Zamudio and Hugo A. Castillo-Gómez. 2020. Salvia huastecana (Lamiaceae), A New Species from San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Zootaxa. 433(1); 1–8. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.433.1.1
  8. 李晓娟,韩建萍,李建秀,等.基于叶绿体psbA-trnH基因间区序列鉴定山东丹参为新种[J].药学学报, 2013, 48(8):7.DOI:CNKI:SUN:YXXB.0.2013-08-027.
  9. Marushia, Robin, (PDF), Ethnobotany, June 2003 [2007-05-04], (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2003-09-03)
  10. Akhondzadeh, S; Noroozian, M; Mohammadi, M; Ohadinia, S; Jamshidi, Ah; Khani, M. . Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. Feb 2003, 28 (1): 53–9. ISSN 0269-4727. PMID 12605619.
  11. Dos, Santos-Neto, Ll; De, Vilhena, Toledo, Ma; Medeiros-Souza, P; De, Souza, Ga. (Free full text). Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. Dec 2006, 3 (4): 441–5. PMC 1697739可免费查阅. PMID 17173107. doi:10.1093/ecam/nel071.
  12. Perry, Ek; Pickering, At; Wang, Ww; Houghton, P; Perry, Ns. . Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). Winter 1998, 4 (4): 419–28. ISSN 1075-5535. PMID 9884179.
  13. Iuvone, T; De, Filippis, D; Esposito, G; D'Amico, A; Izzo, Aa. (Free full text). The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. Jun 2006, 317 (3): 1143–9. PMID 16495207. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.099317.
  • A Book of Salvias: Sages for Every Garden by Betsy Clebsch, Timber Press, 1997, ISBN 0-88192-369-9. An excellent reference on salvias. Also, an updated (2004 edition) is available.
  • Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M. R. 2003, Salvia Officinalis extract in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: A double blind and placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 140, p22P-22P, 1/2p

外部链接

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