米德哈特憲法
《米德哈特宪法》是奥斯曼帝国蘇丹阿卜杜勒-哈米德二世，在米德哈特帕夏主持下，于1876年12月23日颁布的第一部土耳其宪法，确立了君主立宪制政体。虽然存在许多局限性，但它使土耳其走上了立宪之路。[1]
1876年米德哈特宪法封面
參考資料
- . [2019-02-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-05）.
參考文獻
- Strauss, Johann. . Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (编). . Wurzburg: Orient-Institut Istanbul. 2010: 21–51 [2022-01-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-13）. (info page on book （页面存档备份，存于） at Martin Luther University)
延伸閲讀
- Koçunyan, Aylin. . Firges, Pascal; Tobias Graf; Christian Roth; Gülay Tulasoğlu (编). . Brill. 2014-06-16 [2022-01-22]. ISBN 9789004274686. doi:10.1163/9789004274686_015. （原始内容存档于2022-01-22）.
- Korkut, Huseyin. . Epiphany: Journal of Transdisciplinary Studies. 2016, 9 (1): 114–123 [2022-01-22]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-30）. - author is of Kırklareli University
- Marcou, Jean. . Égypte/Monde arabe. 2005, 2: 53–73 [2022-01-22]. doi:10.4000/ema.1054
. （原始内容存档于2022-01-22） （法语）. - Updated online 8 July 2008
- Publications of the constitution in print
- Perso-Arabic Ottoman Turkish: . Constantinople: Matbaa-i amire. 1876. (Ottoman year: 1292)
- Latin script Ottoman Turkish: Kili, Suna; A. Şeref Gözübüyük (编). 1. Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. 1957: 31–44. - There are reprints
- Official French: . Typographie et Lithographie centrales. 1876-12-23. - Julian date 11 December 1876
- Second print: . Constantinople: Loeffler. - Year may be 1876, but Strauss is uncertain
- Armeno-Turkish . Constantinople: La Turquie. 1876.
- Bulgarian: . Constantinople: “Hakikat” Press. 1876.
- Greek: . Constantinople: Typographion “Vyzantidos”. 1876.
- Arabic: . Constantinople: Al-Jawāʾib Press. - Islamic year 1293, circa 1876 Gregorian
- Armenian: . Istanbul: Masis. 1877.
- Judaeo-Spanish: . Constantinople: Estamparia De Castro en Galata. 1877. - Hebrew calendar 5637
外部連結
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突厥語维基文库中相关的原始文献： 1876年奥斯曼帝国宪法 |
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英語维基文库中相关的原始文献： 1876年奥斯曼帝国宪法 |
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维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：米德哈特憲法 |
- "1876 KANUN-I ESASİ（页面存档备份，存于）." Constitutional Court of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasa Mahkemesi) - About the constitution
- Article on the Kanûn-ı Esâsî（页面存档备份，存于）
- Copies of the constitution
- Original Ottoman Turkish version （页面存档备份，存于） (basis of translation into languages used by Muslims)- at the website of the Constitutional Court of Turkey (Modern Turkish transliteration （页面存档备份，存于） (Ankara, 1982) with text version（页面存档备份，存于）)
- French translation (the basis of translation into non-Muslim languages) published in:
- Annotated version: Ubicini, Abdolonyme. . Paris: A. Cotillon et Co.. 1877. - PDF file
- . Paris: 法國外交部. Imprimerie National. 1877: 272–289. - PDF document pages 281-298/545
- Administration de la revue générale. 25. Brussels: Imprimerie E. Guyott. 1877: 319–330. - In the section "Documents historiques" (February, Chapter 10 which begins on page 319) - PDF document pages 332-343/1073
- Institut de droit international. . Paris: G. Pedone. 1878: 296–316 [2019-09-15]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-18）. - Read online（页面存档备份，存于）. Text available（页面存档备份，存于） - Online on 17 January 2011
- Non-Muslim languages: Greek（页面存档备份，存于） (PDF file（页面存档备份，存于）) from the Turkish, published by Voutyras Press, at the Veria Digital Library - From Sismanoglio Megaro of the Consulate Gen. of Greece in Istanbul ; Bulgarian（页面存档备份，存于）
- English translations:
- For a scientific English translation directly from the Ottoman Turkish version of the constitution, done by Max Bilal Heidelberger, see: Röder, Tilmann J. . Grote, Rainer; Tilmann J. Röder (编). . Oxford University Press USA. 2012-01-11: 321-372. ISBN 9780199759880. - Old ISBN 019975988X; "The Basic Law [Kanūn-ı Esāsī] of the Ottoman Empire of December 23, 1876"; p. 341（页面存档备份，存于）-352（页面存档备份，存于） - from the copy published in the Düstūr (Ottoman Official Gazette) 1st series (tertïb-i evvel), Volume 4, Pages 4-20.
- . The American Journal of International Law (Cambridge University Press). 1908-10-01, 2 (4 (Supplement: Official Documents (Oct., 1908))): 367–387. JSTOR 2212668. doi:10.2307/2212668. - Translation inclosed in dispatch No. 113 in the MS. Records, 美国国务院, dated December 26, 1876 (PDF version)
- Translation（页面存档备份，存于）, including the "Tanzimat Fermani -- The Rescript of Gülhane – Gülhane Hatt-i Hümayunu 3 November 1839", at 畢爾肯大學
- Full text of the First Ottoman Constitution (1876) - Translation posted by the Atatürk Institute of Modern Turkish History of 海峡大学, identity of the translator not stated. Alternate link with text of 1908 amendments（页面存档备份，存于）. Alternate link of regular version at（页面存档备份，存于） 欧洲大学学院
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