计算机支持的协同工作

计算机支持的协同工作Computer Supported Cooperative Work,缩写为CSCW)最早由美国麻省理工的Irene Greif和迪吉多(DEC)的Paul Cashman在1984年提出的。

歷史

於1984年由麻省理工學院的Iren Greif與迪吉多的Paul Cashman在成立有關「科技在團隊工作中扮演角色之工作坊」中提出(Grudin, 1994a)。目前雖未有完整統一定義,但可大致歸納出三種觀點(Borghoff & Schlichter, 2000; 轉引自黃鈺棠,2007):

  1. 表示電腦輔助團隊工作(Computer-Supported Teamwork)。以團隊觀點出發,目的在於輔助團體工作之過程。
  2. 表示電腦輔助合作工作,著重「合作」之觀點。在社會心理學中,被解釋為許多人為達到一共同目標,而有相互關聯的工作,但此觀點對於團隊中的社會關係未進一步陳述假設。
  3. 表示電腦輔助有系統的活動(Computer Support for Organized Activities)。此觀點強調解決一個任務,通常需要兼顧合作與個人的工作元素,因此強調一個CSCW的解釋,若完全忽視個人工作,其定義是不正確的。

CSCW矩陣

於1988年,Johansen提出了可用於把CSCW分類的矩陣。

学校

同時/異地

遙距交流

異時/同地

持續性的工作

異時/異地

溝通與協作

参考文献

    • 黃鈺棠(2007)。大型多人線上角色扮演型遊戲中團隊合作過程之資訊察覺研究。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。台灣,新竹。
    • Bannon, L. and K. Schmidt (1991). CSCW - four characters in search of a context. Studies in computer supported cooperative work - theory, practice and design. J. M. Bowers and S. Benford. Amsterdam, North Holland.
    • Bordeau, J. and B. Wasson (1997). Orchestrating collaboration in collaborative telelearning. Artificial intelligence in education. B. Boulay and R. Mizoguchi, IOS Press: 565-567.
    • Brehmer, B. (1991). Distributed decision making: some notes on the literature. Distributed decision making : cognitive models for cooperative work. J. Rasmussen, B. Brehmer and J. Leplat. Chichester, England ; New York, Wiley.
    • Carstensen, P. H. and K. Schmidt (2002). Computer supported cooperative work: New challenges to systems design. Handbook of Human Factors. K. Itoh. Tokyo, [in press].
    • Coleman, D. and R. Khanna (1995). Groupware : technologies and applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall PTR.
    • Dillenbourg, P., M. Baker, A. Blaye and C. O’Malley (1995). The Evolution of Research on Collaborative Learning. Learning in humans and machines. Towards an interdisciplinary learning science. P. Reimann and H. Spada. London, Pergamon: 189-211.
    • Ellis, C. A., S. J. Gibbs and G. L. Rein (1991). "Groupware: some issues and experiences." Communications of the ACM 34(1): 38-59.
    • Ellis, C. A., S. J. Gibbs and G. L. Rein (1993). Groupware some issues and experiences. Readings in groupware and computer-supported cooperative work. R. M. Baecker, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.
    • Grudin, J. (1994). "Computer-supported cooperative work: Its history and participation." IEEE Computer 27(5): 19-26.
    • Wilson, P. (1991). Computer supported cooperative work : an introduction. Oxford, England Norwell, MA, Intellect ; Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers.
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