旋螺属

旋螺属（学名：），又名圆口扁蜷属[2]，为腹足綱泛有肺類扁卷螺科[3]，體型細小，大多數為會呼吸空氣的淡水螺[4]:126。部分物種乃中国特有物种。

旋螺属
化石时期：
Gyraulus crista的两个壳
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲： 腹足纲 Gastropoda
科： 扁蜷科 Planorbidae
亚科： 扁蜷亞科 Planorbinae
族： 扁蜷族 Planorbini
属： 旋螺属 Gyraulus
Charpentier, 1837[1]:21
模式種
Planorbis albus O. F. Müller, 1774
異名
  • Anisus (Gyraulus) Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837 (Gyraulus has genus rank)
  • Armiger Hartmann, 1843 (Armiger is ranked as subgenus of Gyraulus)
  • Caillaudia Bourguignat, 1883
  • Glyptanisus Iredale, 1943
  • Gyraulus (Armiger) Hartmann, 1843
  • Gyraulus (Caillaudia) Bourguignat, 1883
  • Gyraulus (Carinogyraulus) Polinski, 1929
  • Gyraulus (Choanomphalodes) Lindholm, 1927
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) Charpentier, 1837
  • Gyraulus (Lamorbis) Starobogatov, 1967
  • Gyraulus (Torquis) Dall, 1905
  • Planorbis (Armiger) Hartmann, 1843 (Armiger is ranked as subgenus of Gyraulus)
  • Planorbis (Gyraulus) Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837 (Gyraulus is treated as separate genus)

本屬物種最早出現的時間，根據化石紀錄，可以上推至早白堊世，一直延續至今。在今日華北地區的热河群義縣組的湖底沉積物（具體位置在今日的北京城郊鄰近河北省的下庄乡）發現本屬物種的化石，年代可上遡至1.25億年前[5]。

微細的物種Gyraulus crista在技術上雖然仍是一隻有肺類的腹足綱物種，這些動物其實並不會在空氣中呼吸，而是依靠充滿了水的外套膜。

分佈

本屬物種廣泛分佈於全北區。

習性

旋螺屬在淡水的水生植物上生活。

型態描述

螺殼半透明，質薄，體型小，而且大多數都是平旋殼[2]。

物種

截至2018年8月20日 (2018-08-20)，WoRMS記載本屬已紀錄的名稱達420個，當中已接受的現生種及化石種名稱也有241個[6]。過往旋螺属的物種可以再分為以下三個亞屬：

  • subgenus Torquis Dall, 1905
  • subgenus Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967
  • subgenus Armiger Hartmann, 1843

但這種分類現時只被作「另類表達方式」來處理。

以下詳列本屬之亞屬及其物種：

亚属 Armiger W. Hartmann, 1843[7]

  • Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758)[8] - Nautilus ramshorn
  • † Gyraulus cristaeformis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978)
  • † Gyraulus decorus (Roshka, 1973)
  • † Gyraulus geniculatus (Sandberger, 1875)
  • † Gyraulus gracilis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978)
  • † Gyraulus lenapalus (Bourguignat, 1881)
  • † Gyraulus lluecai (Royo Gómez, 1922)
  • † Gyraulus nautiliformis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978)
  • † Gyraulus subptychophorus (Halaváts, 1903)

亚属 Carinogyraulus Polinski, 1929:[9] represented as Gyraulus

亚属 Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837

  • † Gyraulus aegaeus Willmann, 1981
  • † Gyraulus bachmayeri Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
  • † Gyraulus bigueti (Fontannes, 1881)
  • † Gyraulus brlici Brusina, 1897
  • † Gyraulus brusinai (Lörenthey, 1894)
  • 中華旋螺 Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848)[10]
  • † Gyraulus connivens (Eichwald, 1830)
  • † Gyraulus constans (Brusina, 1884)
  • † Gyraulus dalmaticus (Brusina, 1884)
  • † Gyraulus deflexus (Sandberger, 1859)
  • † Gyraulus dimitrovici (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus doseni (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus formosus (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus fragilis (Pavlović, 1903)
  • † Gyraulus goussardianus (Noulet, 1854)
  • † Gyraulus hians (Rolle, 1860)
  • † Gyraulus hoernesi (Rolle, 1860)
  • † Gyraulus inornatus (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus ioanis Gloer & Pesic, 2007[10]
  • Gyraulus janinensis (Mousson, 1859)[10]
  • † Gyraulus jukici (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus jurkovici (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus katurici (Brusina, 1897)
  • † Gyraulus kosovensis (Pavlović, 1903)
  • † Gyraulus lazici (Brusina, 1892)
  • † Gyraulus lendli (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus lineolatus (Brusina, 1878)
  • † Gyraulus lorentheyi (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus meierbrooki Gloer & Pesic, 2007[10]
  • † Gyraulus multicingulatus (Wenz, 1919)
  • † Gyraulus nematophorus (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus novaki (Brusina, 1897)
  • † Gyraulus nusici (Pavlović, 1903)
  • † Gyraulus oncostomus (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus orahovacensis (Pavlović, 1903)
  • † Gyraulus pachychilus (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus parvulus (Lörenthey, 1906)
  • † Gyraulus pavlovici (Brusina, 1893)
  • † Gyraulus phacecercus (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852)[10]
  • † Gyraulus ponticus (Lörenthey, 1893)
  • † Gyraulus porcellaneus (Lörenthey, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus praeponticus (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1890)
  • † Gyraulus ptychostomus (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus rotella (Rousseau, 1842)
  • Gyraulus shasi Gloer & Pesic, 2007[10]
  • † Gyraulus sibinjensis (Brusina, 1897)
  • † Gyraulus slavonicus (Brusina, 1897)
  • † Gyraulus spratti (Forbes, 1845)
  • † Gyraulus stoppanii (Sacco, 1886)
  • Gyraulus stroemi (Westerlund, 1881)[10]
  • † Gyraulus subverticillus (Oppenheim, 1919)
  • † Gyraulus sulfureus (Royo Gómez, 1922)
  • † Gyraulus tenuistriatus (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1899)
  • † Gyraulus tetracarinatus (Pavlović, 1903)
  • † Gyraulus virgatus (Ludwig, 1865)
  • † Gyraulus zoebeleini Schlickum & Strauch, 1974

亚属 Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967:[11] represented as Gyraulis

亚属 Nautilinus Mousson, 1872[12]

  • Gyraulus clymene (Shuttleworth, 1852)[13]

亚属 Torquis Dall, 1905[14]

  • Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)[15]

亚属 ?

  • Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)
  • † Gyraulus albertanus (Clessin, 1877)
  • Gyraulus albidus Radoman, 1953[10]
  • Gyraulus albus (O. F. Müller, 1774)[10] - White ramshorn
  • † Gyraulus alienus (Rolle, 1862)
  • † Gyraulus andrussovi (Ali-Zade & Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969)
  • † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845)
  • Gyraulus argaeicus (Sturany, 1904)
  • † Gyraulus arminiensis Jekelius, 1932
  • † Gyraulus atkinsoni (Johnston, 1879)
  • † Gyraulus bakonicus (Halaváts, 1903)
  • Gyraulus bekaensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2007[16]
  • Gyraulus biwaensis (Preston, 1916)
  • † Gyraulus bondartchuki (Prysjazhnjuk, 1974)
  • † Gyraulus chaenostomus (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848)
  • † Gyraulus circumstriatus (Tryon, 1866)
  • 凸旋螺 Gyraulus convexiusculus [17]
  • Gyraulus corinna (Gray, 1850)
  • † Gyraulus costatus (Klein, 1846)
  • Gyraulus costulatus (Krauss, 1848)[18]
  • Gyraulus crenophilus Hubendick & Radoman, 1959[19]
  • † Gyraulus crescens (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus cryptornatus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • † Gyraulus dealbatus (Braun in Walchner, 1851)
  • Gyraulus deflectus （页面存档备份，存于）
  • † Gyraulus denudatus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus distortus (Hyatt, 1880)
  • † Gyraulus doricus (Bukowski, 1896)
  • Gyraulus edgbastonensis D. S. Brown, 2001
  • † Gyraulus edlaueri (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • Gyraulus egirdirensis Glöer & Girod, 2013
  • † Gyraulus ehrenbergi (Beck, 1837)
  • Gyraulus elenae Vinarski, Glöer & Palatov, 2013 [20]
  • Gyraulus essingtonensis (E. A. Smith, 1882)
  • Gyraulus eugyne Meier-Brook, 1983
  • Gyraulus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874)
  • Gyraulus fontinalis Hubendick & Radoman, 1959[19]
  • † Gyraulus fuchsi (Lörenthey, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus geminus (Brusina, 1897)
  • Gyraulus gilberti (Dunker, 1848)
  • † Gyraulus globosus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • † Gyraulus goetzendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • Gyraulus hebraicus (Bourguignat, 1852)
  • † Gyraulus helicophantoides (Pavlović, 1927)
  • † Gyraulus homalosomus (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus homsensis (Dautzenberg, 1894)
  • Gyraulus hornensis F. C. Baker, 1934
  • Gyraulus huwaizahensis Glôer & Naser, 2005
  • Gyraulus ioanis Glöer & Pešić, 2007
  • Gyraulus janinensis (Mousson, 1859)
  • Gyraulus kahuica (Finlay & Laws, 1931)
  • † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • Gyraulus kosiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
  • † Gyraulus krohi Neubauer & Harzhauser in Harzhauser et al., 2014
  • Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)
  • † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854)
  • Gyraulus luguhuensis Shu, Köhler, Fu & Wang, 2013
  • Gyraulus lychnidicus Hesse, 1928[19]
  • † Gyraulus marinkovici (Brusina, 1892)
  • † Gyraulus matraensis Gál et al., 1999 †
  • Gyraulus mauritianus (Morelet, 1876)[21]
  • Gyraulus meierbrooki Glöer & Pešić, 2007
  • † Gyraulus micromphalus (Fuchs, 1870)
  • † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus nedici (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus nedyalkovi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
  • † Gyraulus oecsensis Wenz, 1919
  • † Gyraulus okrugljakensis Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 †
  • † Gyraulus oxystoma (Klein, 1846)
  • Gyraulus pamphylicus Glöer & Rähle, 2009
  • Gyraulus parvus (Say, 1817)[15]
  • Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852)
  • † Gyraulus platystomus Nützel & Bandel, 1993 (?)
  • † Gyraulus popovici (Pavlović, 1927)
  • † Gyraulus primiformis (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • † Gyraulus protectus Jekelius, 1944
  • † Gyraulus protocrescens Nützel & Bandel, 1993
  • † Gyraulus pseudhomalosomus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • † Gyraulus pseudotenuis (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus ptycophorus (Brusina, 1892)
  • † Gyraulus pulici (Brusina, 1897)
  • † Gyraulus quadrangulus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875)
  • † Gyraulus rasseri Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014†
  • † Gyraulus revertens (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus rhytidophorus (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus riparius[22]
  • Gyraulus rossmaessleri (Auerswald, 1852)[22]
  • Gyraulus stankovici Hadzisce, 1955[19]
  • Gyraulus rotula (Benson, 1850)
  • † Gyraulus rotundistomus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • † Gyraulus rotundostomus Nützel & Bandel, 1993
  • † Gyraulus rumanus Wenz in Krejci-Graf & Wenz, 1932
  • † Gyraulus sabljari (Brusina, 1892)
  • † Gyraulus sachsenhoferi Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2012
  • † Gyraulus seibersdorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • Gyraulus shasi Glöer & Pešić, 2007
  • Gyraulus sivalensis (Clessin, 1884)
  • † Gyraulus soceni Jekelius, 1944
  • † Gyraulus solenoeides (Lörenthey, 1902)
  • 圆口扁蜷 Gyraulus spirillus (Gould, 1859)
  • Gyraulus stankovici Hadžišče, 1953
  • † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus subhemistoma (d'Orbigny, 1852)
  • † Gyraulus sulcatus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus supremus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus symmetricus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • Gyraulus taseviensis Glöer & Girod, 2013
  • Gyraulus terraesacrae Rensch, 1934
  • Gyraulus tokyoensis (Mori, 1938)
  • Gyraulus transsylvanicus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) †
  • Gyraulus trapezoides Polinski, 1929[19]
  • † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)
  • † Gyraulus trolli (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • † Gyraulus turislavicus Jekelius, 1944
  • Gyraulus vermicularis (Gould, 1847)
  • † Gyraulus vermicularis (Stoliczka, 1862)
  • † Gyraulus verticillus (Brusina, 1892)
  • † Gyraulus vrapceanus Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014
  • Gyraulus waterhousei (Clessin, 1885)
  • † Gyraulus zemendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953)
Species inquerenda
  • Gyraulus acutus Clessin, 1907
  • Gyraulus percarinatus Paraense, 2000 name unavailable under ICZN Art. 16.4)
Species brought into synonymy
  • Gyraulus deformis Hartmann, 1844: synonym of Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)
  • † Gyraulus trochiformis applanatus (Thomä, 1845): synonym of † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis applanatus var. ludovici (Noulet, 1854): synonym of † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. aequeumbilicatus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subinvolutus Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subkleini Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis steinheimensis var. parvus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. teres (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. elegans (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. turbiniformis (von Zieten, 1832): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)

参考文献
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  8. "Armiger" （页面存档备份，存于）. Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
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  10. "Gyraulus" （页面存档备份，存于）. Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
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  12. Mousson A. (1873) [September 1872]. N. Denkschr. schweiz. Ges. 25: 15.
  13. "Nautilinus" （页面存档备份，存于）. Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
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  15. "Torquis" （页面存档备份，存于）. Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  16. （德文） Glöer P. & Bössneck U. (2007). "Zur Identität von Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852) mit der Beschreibung von G. bekaensis n. sp. (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)". Mollusca 25(2): 139-146. PDF （页面存档备份，存于）
  17. . [2016-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2009-07-03）.
  18. Appleton C., Ghamizi M., Jørgensen A., Kristensen T. K., Lange C., Stensgaard A-S. & Van Damme D. (2009). Gyraulus costulatus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <http://www.iucnredlist.org （页面存档备份，存于）>. Downloaded on 21 March 2011
  19. "Carinogyraulus" （页面存档备份，存于）. Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  20. Vinarski M.V., Glöer P. & Palatov D.M. (2013) Gyraulus elenae sp. n. — a new planorbid snail from eastern Turkey (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Zootaxa 3664(1): 095–098
  21. Brown D. S. (1996). Gyraulus mauritianus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. （页面存档备份，存于） Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
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外部連結
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：旋螺属
  • . NCBI （英语）.
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