SECIS元件
SECIS元件全稱為硒半胱氨酸插入序列(SElenoCysteine Insertion Sequence),是生物mRNA中一個長約60nt的RNA元件,次級結構為一莖環[1] ,此元件會使核糖體轉譯時不將UGA當作終止密碼子,而將其作為編碼特殊胺基酸硒半胱氨酸的密碼子,因此為編碼硒蛋白的mRNA所需。三域生物皆有SECIS元件[2][3][4][5],雖皆為莖環結構,但彼此序列差異很大(不過洛基古菌的SECIS元件序列和真核生物的較為接近)[6],細菌的SECIS元件通常緊跟在UGA密碼子之後,真核生物與古菌的SECIS元件則位於mRNA的3'非轉譯區,可使mRNA中多於一個UGA密碼子編碼硒半胱氨酸,另外已知甲烷球菌屬的一種古菌具有位於5'非轉譯區的SECIS元件[7][8]。真核生物的SECIS元件通常有特殊的A:G鹼基配對,可能對其功能相當重要[9]。SECIS元件結合蛋白2(SECIS-binding protein 2,簡稱SBP2)可與SECIS元件結合以促進UGA密碼子編碼硒半胱氨酸[10],並可避免mRNA被無義介導的mRNA降解(NMD)途徑降解移除[11]。
SECIS元件 | |
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一個SECIS元件可能的次級結構,鹼基標示為依循IUPAC規則 | |
识别符 | |
代号 | SECIS_1 |
Alt.代号 | SECIS |
Rfam | RF00031 |
其他数据 | |
RNA类型 | 順式作用元件 |
參考文獻
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