SMART原则
SMART原则是目标管理中的一种方法。目标管理的任务是有效地进行成员的组织与目标的制定和控制以达到更好的工作绩效,由管理学大师彼得·杜拉克于1954年首先提出。SMART原则便是为了达到这一目的而提出的一种方法,目前在企业界有广泛的应用。它的首次出现被认为是在1981年12月发行的《管理评论》(Management Review)上(由George Doran、Arthur Miller和James Cunningham编著)。[1]
SMART原则中的“S”、“M”、“A”、“R”、“T”五个字母分别对应了五个英文单词:Specific(明确)、Measurable(可衡量)、Attainable(可达成)、Relevant(相关)和Time-bound(有时限)。
变体
SMART所对应的单词在不同场合並不一致、有各种变体,下表就列出了一些变体:
字母 | 典型对应 | 更多对应 |
---|---|---|
S | Specific(明确) | Significant(重要),[2] Stretching(延伸), Simple(简易) |
M | Measurable(可衡量) | Meaningful(有意义),[2] Motivational(激励),[2] Manageable(可管理) |
A | Attainable(可达成)[3] | Appropriate(适宜), Achievable(可达成), Agreed(同意),[4][5] Assignable(可分配),[6] Actionable(可行动),[7] Action-oriented(行动导向),[2] Ambitious(雄心)[8] |
R | Relevant(相关) | Realistic(实际),[6] Results/Results-focused/Results-oriented,[3] Resourced(资源),[9] Rewarding(奖励)[2] |
T | Time-bound(时限) | Time-oriented(時間定向), Time framed(时限), Timed(时限), Time-based(基于时间), Timeboxed(时限), Timely(及时),[3][5] Time-Specific(明确时间), Timetabled(表定時間), Time limited(时限), Trackable(可跟踪), Tangible(明白) |
参考文献
- Doran, George T. "There's a S.M.A.R.T. way to write managements's goals and objectives." and Miller, Arthur F. & Cunningham, James A "How to avoid costly job mismatches" Management Review, Nov 1981, Volume 70 Issue 11.
- Project Smart SMART Goals (页面存档备份,存于)
- . [2010-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2010-02-09).
- (PDF). [2010-01-12]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-09-20).
- . [2010-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2010-01-21).
- IT Project Management 4th Edition - Thompson Course Tech. - Kathy Schwalbe
- The primary meaning (and connotation) of "actionable" is "subject to grounds for a law suit," which makes this term less desirable.
- . [2010-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2010-01-25).
- Favell, I. (2004) – The Competency Toolkit. Fenman, Ely, Cambs.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.