長腳蛛科

長腳蛛科(學名:),又名肖蛸科肖峭科[1],是蜘蛛目新蛛下目一個蜘蛛,由Antoní d Menge於1866年描述[2]

肖蛸科
化石时期:
Metellina mengei
一隻雌性的山地肖峭Tetragnatha montana
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 蛛形纲 Arachnida
目: 蜘蛛目 Araneae
亚目: 背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae
下目: 新蛛亞目 Araneomorphae
演化支 复杂生殖器类 Entelegynae
演化支 圆网蛛类 Orbiculariae
总科: 金蛛總科 Araneoidea
科: 肖蛸科 Tetragnathidae
Menge, 1866

見內文

多样性
48個屬、1162個個物種

形態描述

本科物種有一具拉長了的身體、腿及螯肢,所結的蜘蛛網都是空心圓網,其網經長呈水平或稍微傾斜。部分物種通常可在近水的長長植被裡發現[3]。蜘蛛體長雌性約9~13毫米,雄性約7~8毫米。與多半蜘蛛相同,屬於本科物種皆有八單眼,其位置如下:

系統學

Opadometa fastigata in 喀拉拉邦

根據《中國動物志》,本科包括六個亞科、20個屬[1],但有部分分類現時已獨立出去,但仍歸到金蛛總科之下。 截至2019年4月 (2019-04)World Spider Catalog接納以下有現生種的屬[4]

  • Alcimosphenus Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
  • Allende Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
  • Antillognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
  • Atelidea Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
  • Azilia Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
  • Chrysometa Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
  • Cyrtognatha Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
  • Dianleucauge Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
  • Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
  • Dolichognatha O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
  • Doryonychus Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
  • 锯螯蛛属 锯螯蛛属 Simon, 1893:見於印尼、巴西及薩摩亞。
  • Eryciniolia Strand, 1912 — New Zealand
  • Glenognatha Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
  • Guizygiella Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
  • Hispanognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
  • 銀腹蛛屬 Homalometa Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
  • Leucauge White, 1841:又名银鳞蛛属[1]:v ,見於非洲、北美洲、亞洲、大洋洲、南美洲、中美洲及加勒比海。
  • Mecynometa Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
  • Mesida Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
  • 後蛛屬 Meta C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
  • Metabus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
  • Metellina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
  • Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
  • Mitoscelis Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
  • Mollemeta Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
  • Nanningia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
  • Nanometa Simon, 1908 — Australia
  • Nediphya Marusik & Omelko, 2017 — Papua New Guinea
  • Neoprolochus Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
  • Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
  • Opadometa Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
  • Opas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
  • Orsinome Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
  • Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
  • Parameta Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
  • Parazilia Lessert, 1938 — Congo
  • Pholcipes Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
  • Pickardinella Archer, 1951 — Mexico
  • Pinkfloydia Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
  • Sancus Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
  • Schenkeliella Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
  • 長腳蜘蛛屬 Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804:又名肖蛸属[1]:v— Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
  • Timonoe Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
  • 隆背蛛屬 Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
  • Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
  • Zhinu Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
  • Zygiometella Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel

化石種

下列各屬只有化石種,沒有現生種[5]

  • Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (古近纪, Bitterfield and Baltic amber)
  • Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
  • Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
  • Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
  • Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (白垩纪, Las Hoyas, Spain)
  • Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
  • Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
  • Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
  • Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
  • Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)

過往屬於本科的屬

  • Deliochus Simon, 1894 – now in 圆蛛科
  • Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of Metellina
  • Phonognatha Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
  • Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see Dolichognatha

參考文獻

  1. 朱明生; 宋大祥; 張俊霞 (编). (PDF). 无脊椎动物 第35卷 蛛形纲 蜘蛛目 肖蛸科. 科學出版社. 2003-10: 536 pp. [2020-12-24]. ISBN 9787030213259 (中文(简体)).
  2. Menge, Anton. . Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N.F.). 1866, 1.
  3. Kindall; et al. . San Diego, CA: Random House. 2005: 567.
  4. . World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. [2019-04-25]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-04).
  5. Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch 页面存档备份,存于, version 19.0, accessed on 7 October 2018.
  • Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of Mecynometa globosa (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). Psyche 70:180–183. PDF

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:長腳蛛科
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