狼蛛科
狼蛛科 | |
|---|---|
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| 狼蛛 Lycosa helluo | |
科学分类  | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 蛛形纲 Arachnida |
| 目： | 蜘蛛目 Araneae |
| 亚目： | 背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae |
| 下目： | 新蛛亞目 Araneomorphae |
| 总科： | 狼蛛总科 Lycosoidea |
| 科： | 狼蛛科 Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833 |
| 屬 | |
|
见正文 | |
| 多样性 | |
| 多於100個屬，約2300個品種 | |
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因行动敏捷、性凶猛、經常從後追上獵物，而通稱狼蛛。能跳、有毒性、善跑但不能在玻璃等光滑豎立面上爬。其行走攀登能力及視力都次於蠅虎科（跳蛛）。本科生卵後，將卵袋攜帶在絲囊（紡器）下，卵孵化後小蜘蛛都爬到母蛛腹部上，幾天後才開始獨立生活。
狼蛛眼睛排成三列（見圖一）。其第二列單眼顯著（見圖二）。
全身;1. 卵袋，2. 螯肢，3. 觸肢
網路盛傳，狼蛛可做成料理食用，例如柬埔寨將毛狼蛛加上蒜片後油炸食用；在墨西哥有餐廳將狼蛛冷凍處理、去除有毒的絨毛後火烤加入塔可餅[1]。然其所指實為捕鳥蛛，而非狼蛛。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：
- Abaycosa Laborda, Bidegaray-Batist, Simó, Brescovit, Beloso & Piacentini, 2022
- 刺狼蛛属 Acantholycosa Dahl, 1908
- Adelocosa Gertsch, 1973
- Agalenocosa Mello-Leitão, 1944
- Aglaoctenus Tullgren, 1905
- Algidus Simon, 1898
- 奇蛛属 Allocosa Banks, 1900
- 异獾蛛属 Allotrochosina Roewer, 1960
- 舞蛛属 Alopecosa Simon, 1885
- Amblyothele Simon, 1910
- Anomalomma Simon, 1890
- Anomalosa Roewer, 1960
- Anoteropsis L.Koch, 1878
- 熊蛛属 Arctosa Koch, 1847
- Arctosippa Roewer, 1955
- Arctosomma Roewer, 1960
- 阿狼蛛属 Artoria Thorell, 1877
- Artoriellula Roewer, 1960
- Artoriopsis Framenau, 2007
- Aulonia C.L.Koch, 1847
- Auloniella Roewer, 1960
- Birabenia Mello-Leitão, 1941
- 博狼蛛属 Bogdocosa Ponomarev & Belosludtsev, 2008
- Bogdocosa kronebergi (Andreeva, 1976)
- Brevilabus Strand, 1908
- Bristowiella Saaristo, 1980
- Camptocosa Dondale, Jiménez & Nieto, 2005
- Caporiaccosa Roewer, 1960
- Caspicosa Ponomarev, 2007
- Costacosa Framenau & Leung, 2013
- Crocodilosa Caporiacco, 1947
- Cynosa Caporiacco, 1933
- Dejerosa Roewer, 1960
- Deliriosa Kovblyuk, 2009
- Diahogna Roewer, 1960
- Diapontia Keyserling, 1876
- Dingosa Roewer, 1955
- Dolocosa Roewer, 1960
- Donacosa Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 1991
- Dorjulopirata Buchar, 1997
- Draposa Kronestedt, 2010
- Dryadia Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
- Dzhungarocosa Fomichev & Marusik, 2017
- Edenticosa Roewer, 1960
- 艾狼蛛属 Evippa Simon, 1882
- Evippomma Roewer, 1959
- Foveosa Russell-Smith, Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 2007
- Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904
- Gladicosa Brady, 1986
- Gnatholycosa Mello-Leitão, 1940
- Gulocosa Marusik, Omelko & Koponen, 2015
- 盐狼蛛属 Halocosa Azarkina & Trilikauskas, 2019
- Hesperocosa Gertsch & Wallace, 1937
- 马蛛属 Hippasa Simon, 1885
- Hippasella Mello-Leitão, 1944
- Hippasosa Roewer, 1960
- Hoggicosa Roewer, 1960
- 穴狼蛛属 Hogna Simon, 1885
- Hognoides Roewer, 1960
- 土狼蛛属 Hyaenosa Caporiacco, 1940
- 潮狼蛛属 Hygrolycosa Dahl, 1908
- Kangarosa Framenau, 2010
- Karakumosa Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020
- Katableps Jocqué, Russell-Smith & Alderweireldt, 2011
- Knoelle Framenau, 2006
- Kochosa Framenau, Castanheira & Yoo, 2023
- Lobizon Piacentini & Grismado, 2009
- Loculla Simon, 1910
- 狼蛛属 Lycosa Latreille, 1804
- Lycosella Thorell, 1890
- Lycosula Roewer, 1954
- 亚狼蛛属 Lysania Thorell, 1890
- Mainosa Framenau, 2006
- Malimbosa Roewer, 1960
- Margonia Hippa & Lehtinen, 1983
- Megarctosa Caporiacco, 1948
- 獾狼蛛属 Melecosa Marusik, Omelko & Koponen, 2015
- Melocosa Gertsch, 1937
- Minicosa Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 2007
- Modosimus Simon, 1893
- Molitorosa Roewer, 1960
- 蒙狼蛛属 Mongolicosa Marusik, Azarkina & Koponen, 2004
- 鼬狼蛛属 Mustelicosa Roewer, 1960
- Navira Piacentini & Grismado, 2009
- Notocosa Vink, 2002
- Nukuhiva Berland, 1935
- Oculicosa Zyuzin, 1993
- 迅蛛属 Ocyale Audouin, 1826
- Orinocosa Chamberlin, 1916
- 羊蛛属 Ovia Sankaran, Malamel & Sebastian, 2017
- Paratrochosina Roewer, 1960
- 豹蛛属 Pardosa Koch, 1847
- Pardosella Caporiacco, 1939
- Passiena Thorell, 1890
- Pavocosa Roewer, 1960
- Phonophilus Ehrenberg, 1831
- 水狼蛛属 Pirata Sundevall, 1833
- Piratosa
- 小水狼蛛属 Piratula Roewer, 1960
- Piratula Sundevall, 1833
- Portacosa Framenau, 2017
- Proevippa Purcell, 1903
- Prolycosides Mello-Leitão, 1942
- Pseudevippa Simon, 1910
- Pterartoria Purcell, 1903
- Pyrenecosa Marusik, Azarkina & Koponen, 2004
- Pyrenocosa Marusik, Azarina & Koponen, 2004
- Rabidosa Roewer, 1960
- Satta Lehtinen & Hippa, 1979
- 裂狼蛛属 Schizocosa Chamberlin, 1904
- Schizogyna Chamberlin, 1904
- 锯狼蛛属 Serratacosa Wang, Peng & Zhang, 2021
- Shapna Hippa & Lehtinen, 1983
- 西伯蛛属 Sibirocosa Marusik, Azarkina & Koponen, 2004
- Sinacosa
- 华阿狼蛛属 Sinartoria Wang, Framenau & Zhang, 2021
- 索蛛屬 Sosippus Simon, 1888
- Syroloma Simon, 1900
- Tapetosa Framenau, 2009
- Tapetosa darwini Framenau, Main, Harvey & Waldock, 2009
- Tarentula Sundevall, 1833
- Tasmanicosa Roewer, 1959[2]
- Tasmanicosa fulgor Framenau & Baehr, 2016
- Tasmanicosa gilberta (Hogg, 1906)
- Tasmanicosa godeffroyi (L.Koch, 1865)
- Tasmanicosa harmsi Framenau & Baehr, 2016
- Tasmanicosa hughjackmani Framenau & Baehr, 2016
- Tasmanicosa kochorum Framenau & Baehr, 2016
- Tasmanicosa leuckartii (Thorell, 1870)
- Tasmanicosa musgravei (McKay, 1974)
- Tasmanicosa phyllis (Hogg, 1906)
- Tasmanicosa ramosa (L.Koch, 1877)
- Tasmanicosa salmo Framenau & Baehr, 2016
- Tasmanicosa semicincta (L.Koch, 1877)
- Tasmanicosa stella Framenau & Baehr, 2016
- Tasmanicosa subrufa (Karsch, 1878)
- Tessarops Rafinesque, 1821
- Tetralycosa Roewer, 1960
- Tigrosa Brady, 2012
- Trabaea Roewer, 1960
- Trabea Simon, 1876
- Trabeops Roewer, 1959
- Trabeops aurantiacus (Emerton, 1885)
- Trebacosa Dondale & Redner, 1981
- Tricassa Simon, 1910
- Tricca
- Tristiculosa
- 獾蛛属 Trochosa Koch, 1847
- Trochosippa Roewer, 1960
- Tropicosa Paredes-Munguia, Brescovit & Teixeira, 2023
- Tuberculosa Framenau & Yoo, 2006
- Varacosa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942
- Venator Hogg, 1900
- Venatrix Roewer, 1960
- 脉狼蛛属 Venonia Thorell, 1894
- Vesubia Simon, 1909
- 哇蒂蛛属 Wadicosa Zyuzin, 1985，娲蛛属
- 旱狼蛛属 Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908
- 宝狼蛛属 Zantheres Thorell, 1887
- Zenonina Simon, 1898
- 佐卡蛛属 Zoica Simon, 1898
- Zyuzicosa Logunov, 2010
圖片
一隻正保護其卵的狼蛛
狼蛛及其巢穴
雌性狼蛛及其卵
Arctosa sp.
- . [2018-07-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-19）.
- Framenau, Volker W. and Barbara C. Baehr. 2016. Revision of the Australian Union-Jack Wolf Spiders, Genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa. 4213(1); 1–82. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
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